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The following electronic only articles are published in conjunction with this issue of BJSM (see also pages 136 and 165)

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training induced alterations in muscle fibre type and cross sectional area
N Kofotolis, I S Vrabas, E Vamvakoudis, et al
Objectives: To compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and isokinetic training on fibre type distribution and cross sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle.

Methods: Twenty four male university students were divided into two equal groups: PNF training and isokinetic training (ISO). The training regimen for the PNF group consisted of three sets of 30 repetitions against maximal resistance, alternating two patterns of sequential movements of the right lower extremity: (a) toe flexion and ankle plantar flexion and eversion; (b) knee extension and hip extension, abduction, and internal rotation. The ISO group performed three sets of 30 repetitions alternating knee extension and flexion of the right leg at angular velocities of 180 and 90°/s in an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex). Both groups trained three . . . [Full text of this article]

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Online original articles
Br. J. Sports Med. 2005 39: 136. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]