© 2005 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine
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Bone strength
Exercises for improving bone strength
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
2 Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr Turner
Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1120 South Drive, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; turnerch@iupui.edu
The effectiveness of exercise on bone strength depends on its type, timing, and duration
Keywords: bone mass; bone strength; exercise; biomechanics; osteoporosis
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Regular exercise has effects on bone density, size, and shape, resulting in substantial improvements in mechanical strength. The positive association between exercise and bone mass has prompted many physicians and public health officials to recommend that people engage in daily exercise, with the goal of reducing the incidence of osteoporotic fracture and the morbidity/mortality that ensues. However, there is no clear consensus on exactly how one should exercise in order to reap the greatest returns in terms of bone health. What exercises are best? How often should one exercise? Is it sometimes better not to exercise?
Proper exercise can add new bone and/or reduce bone loss to ultimately affect bone mass, but bone mass (or areal bone mineral density) is merely a surrogate measure for bone strength. The real issue at hand is whether or not a person will fracture their hip, spine, or wrist. Bone mineral content
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