Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football - a prospective study over two consecutive seasons

Martin Hägglund ^1*, Markus Waldén ¹ and Jan Ekstrand ¹

¹ Department of Health and Society, Linköping University, Sweden

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hagglund.martin{at}telia.com.

Accepted 12 June 2006

Abstract

Background: Previous injury is often proposed to be a risk factor for football injury, but most studies rely on players reporting their own medical history and are thus potentially subject to recall bias. Little is known about the natural variation in injury pattern between seasons.

Objectives: To study whether prospectively recorded injuries during one season are associated to injuries sustained during the following season, and to compare injury risk and injury pattern between consecutive seasons.

Methods: The medical staffs of twelve elite Swedish male football teams prospectively recorded individual exposure and time loss injuries over two full consecutive seasons (2001 and 2002). A multivariate model was used to determine the relationship between previous injury, anthropometric data and the risk of injury.

Results: The training and match injury incidences were similar between seasons; with 5.1 vs. 5.3 injuries/1000 training hours and 25.9 vs. 22.7/1000 match hours, but analysis of injury severity and injury patterns showed variations between seasons. Players who were injured in the 2001 season were at greater risk for any injury in the following season compared to non-injured players (Hazard Ratio 2.7; 95% CI 1.7-4.3, p<0.0001). Players with a previous hamstring injury, groin injury and knee joint trauma were two to three times more likely to suffer an identical injury in the following season, whereas no such relationship was found for ankle sprain. Age was not associated with an increased injury risk.

Conclusions: This study confirmed previous results showing that previous injury is an important risk factor for football injury. Overall injury incidences were similar between consecutive seasons indicating that an injury surveillance study covering one full season can provide a reasonable overview of the injury problem among elite football players in a specific environment. However, a prolonged study period is recommended for analyses of specific injury patterns.

Key Words: Multivariate model, Re-injury, Risk factor, Soccer, Sports injury

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