Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Geometry of Professional Male Tennis Players

Ross Q Osborn ¹, Walter C Taylor ^1*, Keith Oken ¹, Marcello Luzano ¹, Michael Heckman ¹ and Gerald Fletcher ¹

¹ Mayo Clinic, United States

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: taylor.walter{at}mayo.edu.

Accepted 23 July 2007

Abstract

Background: The cardiac characteristic of various types of athletes has been defined by echocardiography. Athletes involved in predominately static exercise have been found to have more concentric hypertrophy, such as body builders, whereas long distance runners, involved in dynamic exercise have more eccentric hypertrophy. Tennis at the elite level is a sport that is a combination of static and dynamic exercise.

Objective: To characterize left ventricular geometry including left ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiography in male professional tennis players.

Design: Retrospective study of screening echocardiograms that were performed on male professional tennis players.

Setting: All echocardiograms were performed at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA between 1998 and 2000.

Participants: 41 male professional tennis players, with a mean age of 23.

Results: Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 30 of 41 subjects (73%, 95% CI: 57% - 86%). The majority of players manifested eccentric hypertrophy (n=22, 54%). Concentric hypertrophy (n=9, 22%) and normal geometry (n= 7, 17%) were encountered with similar frequency. Only 7% (n=3) manifested concentric remodeling. The mean thickness of both the interventricular septum and the posterior wall was 11.0 mm. The mean LVEDd was 55 mm. The mean RWT was 0.41. The mean LVMI was 130 gm/m² and the mean EF was 64%. Five of the 41 subjects had an abnormal septal thickness of 13 mm.

Conclusion: This was the first study to specifically describe the full range of echocardiographically-determined left ventricular geometry in professional male tennis players. The majority of subjects exhibited abnormal geometry, predominantly eccentric hypertrophy.

Key Words: Athlete, Cardiac hypertrophy, Echocardiogram, Tennis

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