Dieting to win or to be thin? A study of dieting and disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and non-athlete controls
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- 2Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Centre, Vikersund, Norway
- 3Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence to Professor J Sundgot-Borgen, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Jorunn.sundgot-borgen{at}nih.no
- Accepted 23 October 2009
Abstract
Objective: To examine the prevalence of dieting, reasons for dieting and prevalence of disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and age-matched controls, and to examine the differences between athletes competing in leanness and non-leanness sports.
Methods: First-year students of 16 different Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools (athlete group, n = 682) and two randomly selected ordinary high schools from a county representative of the general Norwegian population (control group, n = 423) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A total of 606 athletes and 355 controls completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 89% and 84%, respectively. The questionnaire contained questions regarding training patterns, menstrual status and history, dieting, use of pathogenic weight control methods and the drive for thinness (DT) and body dissatisfaction (BD) subscales from the Eating Disorders Inventory.
Main outcome measure: Disordered eating, defined as meeting one or more of the following criteria: DT score ≥15 (girls) and ≥10 (boys), BD score ≥14 (girls) and ≥10 (boys), body mass index <17.9 kg/m2 (girls) and <17.5 kg/m2 (boys), current and/or ≥3 previous efforts to lose weight, use of pathogenic weight control methods and self-reported menstrual dysfunction.
Results: A higher prevalence of control subjects were dieting and classified with disordered eating compared with the athletes. An improvement of appearance was a more common reason for dieting among controls compared with athletes. No differences in dieting or disordered eating were found between leanness and non-leanness sports athletes.
Conclusions: Self-reported disordered eating is more prevalent among controls than adolescent elite athletes, and losing weight to enhance performance is an important reason for dieting among adolescent elite athletes.
Footnotes
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Competing interests None.
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Provenance and Peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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Ethics approval Ethics approval was provided by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Science Research Ethics in Southern Norway, and by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services.
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Patient consent Obtained.
