Rotator cuff tendinopathy: A model for the continuum of pathology and related management.

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder are extremely common, with reports of prevalence ranging from 1 in 3 people experiencing shoulder pain at some stage of their lives to approximately half the population experiencing at least one episode of shoulder pain annually. Pathology of the soft tissues of the shoulder including the musculotendinous rotator cuff and subacromial bursa are a principle cause of pain and suffering. Competing theories have been proposed to explain the pathoaetiology of rotator cuff pathology at specific stages and presentations of the condition. This review proposes a model to describe the continuum of the rotator cuff pathology from asymptomatic tendon through full thickness rotator cuff tears.

Conclusions: The pathoaetiology of rotator cuff failure is multifactorial and results from a combination of intrinsic, extrinsic and environmental factors. Profound changes within the subacromial bursa are strongly related to the pathology and resulting symptoms. Recently a new and generic model detailing the continuum of tendon pathology has been proposed. This model is relevant for the rotator cuff and provides a framework to stage the continuity of rotator cuff disease. Furthermore, it provides a structure to identify the substantial deficiencies in our knowledge base and areas where research would improve our understanding of the pathological and repair process, together with assessment and management. The strength of this model adapted for the rotator cuff tendons will be tested in its ability to incorporate and adapt to emerging research.