Evaluation of the incidental and planned activity questionnaire for older people
- 1Falls and Balance Research Group, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
- 2Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 3Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 4Bethanien-Hospital, Geriatric Centre at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- 5Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence to Professor S R Lord, Falls and Balance Research Group, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia; s.lord{at}powmri.edu.au
- Accepted 30 April 2009
- Published Online First 26 May 2009
Abstract
Objective There is a need for a measure of physical activity that assesses low, basic and high-intensity activities suitable for use in ageing research including falls prevention trials. This study performed a formal validation of the incidental and planned activity questionnaire (IPAQ) by investigating its overall structure and measurement properties.
Design Cross-sectional survey.
Setting Community sample.
Participants 500 older people (mean age 77.4 years, SD 6.08).
Main Outcome Measures The IPAQ was administered as part of a longer assessment in two different postal self-completion formats; one for estimating physical activity during the past week (IPAQ-W) and one for estimating average weekly physical activity over the past 3 months (IPAQ-WA). Test–retest reliability was assessed by the re-administration of the instruments one week later in a subsample of 80 respondents.
Results Both IPAQ versions had good measurement properties, but overall the IPAQ-WA performed better than the IPAQ-W. Rasch analyses indicated the IPAQ-WA had an excellent overall fit. Analysis of the internal structure supported the unidimensionality of the scale with an acceptable internal consistency. The content representation of the items revealed three categories (low, moderate and high levels of physical activity), with a good contribution of items by threshold. The IPAQ-WA had excellent test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient 0.87) and was able to discriminate differences in physical activity levels between groups differentiated by sex, age and fall risk factors.
Conclusions The IPAQ has excellent psychometric properties and assesses the level of physical activity relating to both basic and more demanding activities. Further research is required to confirm sensitivity to change.
Footnotes
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Funding This research was conducted as part of a study on understanding the fear of falling and risk-taking in older people, which has been funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grant (no 400941). SRL is currently a NHMRC senior principal research fellow. The participants in this study were drawn from the Memory and Ageing Study of the Brain and Ageing Program, School of Pychiatry, University of New South Wales, funded by a NHMRC programme grant (no 350833) to Professors P Sachdev, H Brodaty and G Andrews.
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Competing interests None.
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Provenance and Peer review Not commissioned; not externally peer reviewed.
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Ethics approval Approval for the study was obtained from the University of New South Wales Human Studies Ethics Committee.
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↵* Version W is available at www.powmri.edu.au/fbrg
