Major international sport profiles

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Cricket

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the world; its English origin dates back to 1150 [1]. Marylebone Cricket Club in England is the official governing body for cricket. Cricket is a ball and bat field sport played by two opposing teams with 11 players each. The bat is made of wood, the length of which does not exceed 38 inches. The ball is hard, and has a cork foundation covered with leather. There are two wickets, one at either end of the pitch, consisting of three stumps, each 28

Martial arts

Millions of children and adults participate in martial arts, and they are increasing in popularity. Between 1.5 and 2 million Americans participate in martial arts; approximately 20% are children [33], [34]. The many styles of martial arts have had their origins in different countries, and their popularity varies in different parts of the world (eg, tae kwon do and hap ke do in Korea, judo in Japan, and kung fu in China). Tae kwon do is very popular among youth; the average age of competitors

Field hockey

Field hockey is a popular field sport believed to have its origins in ancient Asia, Egypt, and Greece [36]. In modern times, it became a highly popular sport in England and later in the British Commonwealth. The popularity of field hockey was so great that in the fourteenth century King Edward III banned it because it was believed to interfere with other national duties of men [67], [70]. In the United States field hockey is very popular with girls According to the National Federation of State

Soccer

Association football, known as soccer in the United States, has its origins in early 19th century England [36], [85]. It is played on a field 100 yards long by 50 yards wide, with a goal post on each end; each team has 11 players. Soccer is the most popular team sport in the world, with more than 200 million participants of both genders, and from all age groups [36], [70]. In the United States, there are 3 million players in high school or youth soccer associations; 6 million children under age

Tennis

Tennis, also known as lawn tennis, is a racket and ball sport played by either two or four players on a court divided by a net. It is believed to have its origins in ancient Egypt and Persia [36], [70]. The modern version is attributed to Major Clopton Wingfield of England, who in 1874 patented “a portable court for playing the ancient game of tennis” [120]. In 1875, the Marylebone Cricket Club and All-England Croquet Club delineated the rules of lawn tennis. According to NFSHA participation

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Amy Gandy for her superb technical assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.

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    Cricket and martial arts sections are adapted from: Patel DR. Cricket injuries in youth: a short review. Asian Journal of Paediatric Practice 2000;3:9; and from: Robertson AL, Patel DR. Medical aspects of martial arts: an overview. Asian Journal of Paediatric Practice 2000;4:23; used with permission.

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