Int J Sports Med 2004; 25(5): 384-390
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-815839
Orthopedics & Biomechanics

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bone Mineral Density in Hispanic Women: Role of Aerobic Capacity, Fat-Free Mass, and Adiposity

A. Afghani1 , A. V. Abbott2 , R. A. Wiswell3 , S. V. Jaque4 , C. Gleckner5 , E. T. Schroeder3 , C. A. Johnson1
  • 1Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 2Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 3Department of Biokinesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 4Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
  • 5Department of Fitness & Wellness, Cerritos College, Cerritos, CA, USA
Further Information

Publication History

Accepted after revision: August 30, 2003

Publication Date:
18 May 2004 (online)

Abstract

Understanding the etiology of factors influencing bone mineral density (BMD) in Hispanic women for the prevention of osteoporosis was the aim of this investigation. Whole body BMD (WBBMD) of 39 Hispanic, premenopausal women aged 22 - 51 years was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maximal aerobic capacity (V·O2max) was determined by treadmill ergometry with direct measurement of oxygen consumption. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass were estimated from two independent techniques, DXA and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A questionnaire was administered to determine weekly physical activity, age of menarche, oral contraceptive (OC) use, parity, and lactation. Factors with significant correlation to WBBMD were weight (r = 0.74), body mass index (r = 0.66), fat mass (r = 0.68 - 0.69), FFM (r = 0.55 - 0.65), percent fat (r = 0.43 - 0.55), sagittal diameter (r = 0.58), waist circumference (r = 0.53), hip circumference (r = 0.66) and weekly activity (r = 0.40). Stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that 73 % of the variance in WBBMD is attributed to fat mass (55 %), FFM (10 %), and V·O2max (8 %). When BIA was used instead of DXA in the regression, V·O2max was no longer an independent predictor of WBBMD. Fat mass and FFM accounted for 43 % and 20 % of the variance in WBBMD, respectively, explaining a total of 63 % of the variance. The addition of age, age of menarche, weekly physical activity, OC use, parity, and lactation did not make significant contributions to the variance. The findings of this study suggest that fat mass is a stronger predictor of bone mineral density than fat-free mass to BMD; aerobic capacity is another important predictor of BMD in Hispanic premenopausal women.

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Associate Professor Ph.D., M.P.H. Afrooz Afghani

College of Health Sciences · Touro University International

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