Table 2

Sensitivity analysis of screen time and risk of depression in juveniles

Variable	Number of reports	OR (95% CI)	P Value	I², p Value*
No study being excluded	21	1.12 (1.03 to 1.22)	0.007	82.5, <0.001
CS studies	17	1.20 (1.10 to 1.30)	<0.001	73.8, <0.001
LS studies	4	0.88 (0.67 to 1.14)	0.327	90.4, <0.001
Exclude the converted studies	16	1.19 (1.11 to 1.29)	<0.001	76.5, <0.001
CS studies	15	1.21 (1.11 to 1.32)	<0.001	76.2, <0.001
LS studies	1	1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)	0.023	–
Exclude studies with no covariate adjustment	18	1.16 (1.10 to 1.26)	<0.001	80.3, <0.001
CS studies	15	1.21 (1.11 to 1.32)	<0.001	76.2, <0.001
LS studies	3	0.94 (0.71 to 1.26)	0.695	86.8, 0.001
Exclude studies with no adjustment for family or socioeconomic status†	16	1.19 (1.10 to 1.29)	<0.001	76.3, <0.001
CS studies	14	1.22 (1.11 to 1.34)	<0.001	77.8, <0.001
LS studies	2	1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)	0.021	0.0, 0.870
Exclude studies with no adjustment for health risk behaviour‡	8	1.25 (1.12 to 1.40)	<0.001	77.7, <0.001
CS studies	8	1.25 (1.12 to 1.40)	<0.001	77.7, <0.001
LS studies	0	–	–	–

*p Value for heterogeneity.
†Family and socioeconomic status including: race/ethnicity, family structure, parental education, presence of parents, whether the family lives together, parents’ job status, socioeconomic status/household income.
‡Health risk behaviour including: physical activity, body mass index, smoking, drinking, drug abuse, fruit and vegetable intake, sleep time, other sedentary behaviours.
CS, cross-sectional; LS, longitudinal study.