Stratified analyses | Number of comparisons | SMD (95% CI) | p Value | τ2 | I2* | p Value for interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random effects model (strategy 1) | 224 | 0.58 (0.49 to 0.68) | 0.0000 | 0.41 | 80% | – |
25% largest trials (strategy 2) | 57 | 0.45 (0.26 to 0.64) | 0.0000 | 0.48 | 82% | – |
SE as covariate (strategy 3) | 224 | 0.65 (0.57 to 0.73) | 0.0001 | 0.26 | (51%)† | – |
Infinite trial size (SE=0) (strategy 4) | 224 | −0.51 (−0.74 to −0.28) | 0.0000 | 0.26 | (51%)† | – |
Comparator | 0.24 | 0.004 | ||||
Sham | 76 | 0.48 (0.35 to 0.61) | 0.0000 | |||
No intervention | 148 | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.83) | 0.0000 | |||
Sequence generation | 0.26 | 0.43 | ||||
Low risk | 161 | 0.67 (0.58 to 0.77) | 0.0000 | |||
Unclear | 55 | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.76) | 0.0000 | |||
High risk | 8 | 0.42 (−0.01 to 0.85) | 0.0551 | |||
Allocation concealment | 0.26 | 0.37 | ||||
Low risk | 114 | 0.70 (0.59 to 0.82) | 0.0000 | |||
Unclear | 28 | 0.58 (0.35 to 0.81) | 0.0000 | |||
High risk | 82 | 0.59 (0.46 to 0.72) | 0.0000 | |||
Blinding participants | 0.23 | 0.00 | ||||
Low risk | 40 | 0.34 (0.16 to 0.52) | 0.0002 | |||
Unclear | 47 | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.77) | 0.0000 | |||
High risk | 137 | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.85) | 0.0000 | |||
Blinding personnel | 0.25 | 0.06 | ||||
Low risk | 12 | 0.31 (−0.03 to 0.64) | 0.0728 | |||
Unclear | 12 | 0.86 (0.53 to 1.19) | 0.0000 | |||
High risk | 200 | 0.65 (0.57 to 0.74) | 0.0000 | |||
Incomplete outcome data | 0.26 | 0.86 | ||||
Low risk | 80 | 0.63 (0.50 to 0.77) | 0.0000 | |||
Unclear | 50 | 0.69 (0.52 to 0.86) | 0.0000 | |||
High risk | 94 | 0.64 (0.51 to 0.76) | 0.0000 | |||
Selective outcome reporting | 0.26 | 0.27 | ||||
Low risk | 26 | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.00) | 0.0000 | |||
Unclear | 171 | 0.65 (0.56 to 0.74) | 0.0000 | |||
High risk | 27 | 0.51 (0.28 to 0.74) | 0.0000 |
*Calculated in Review Manager.
†I2 Derived from the overall I2 and τ2. All other values were calculated in SAS.
SMD, standardised mean differences; τ2 (τ2), estimated between study variance.