Study | Country | Exertional SCD or All SCD | Population | Age range (years) | Number of cases | HCM (%) | Idiopathic LVH/possible HCM (%) | AN-SUD (%) | Coronary artery anomalies (%) | ARVC (%) | DCM (%) | CAD (%) | Myocarditis related (%) | Aortic dissection (%) | Other (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athletes | |||||||||||||||
Corrado et al42 | Italy | All | Competitive athletes | 12–35 | N=55 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 22 | 0 | 20 | 13 | 2 | 22 |
de Noronha et al43 | UK | All | Athletes | 1–35 | N=89 | 12 | 25 | 19 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Maron et al12 | USA | All | Athletes | 8–39 | N=690 | 36 | 8 | – | 17 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 20 |
Holst et al44 | Denmark | Exertional | Competitive athletes | 12–35 | N=15 | 0 | 7 | 27 | 7 | 27 | 0 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 13 |
Suarez-Mier et al45 | Spain | Exertional | Recreational athletes | 9–35 | N=81 | 10 | 9 | 23 | 6 | 15 | – | 14 | 5 | 0 | 18 |
Harmon et al21 | USA | All | Competitive athletes | 18–26 | N=64 | 8 | 8 | 25 | 11 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 12 |
Finocchiaro et al47 | UK | All | Athletes | 18–35 | N=179 | 8 | 14 | 44 | 4 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | 11 |
Military | |||||||||||||||
Eckart et al23 | USA | All | Military recruits | 18–35 | N=108 | 6 | 1 | 30 | 27 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 12 | 0 | 13 |
Eckart et al24 | USA | All | Active military | 18–34 | N=298 | 13 | 0 | 41 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 23 | 6 | 0 | 7 |
General population | |||||||||||||||
Corrado et al55 | Italy | All | General population | 1–35 | N=269 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 5 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 24 |
Puranik et al56 | Australia | All | General population | 5–35 | N=241 | 6 | 3 | 29 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 24 | 12 | 5 | 10 |
Papadakis et al57 | UK | All | General population | 1–35 | N=1677 | 5 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 30 | 11 | 0 | 28 |
Solberg et al58 | Norway | Exertional | General population | 15–34 | N=23 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 22 | 0 | 13 |
Margey et al59 | Ireland | All | General population | 15–35 | N=116 | 15 | 10 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 21 | 6 | 1 | 15 |
Meyer et al29 | USA | All | General population | 0–35 | N=314 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 34 |
AN-SUD, autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death; ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; CAD, coronary artery disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SCD, sudden cardiac death.