Table 4

Methodological quality for included studies

Author, yearSelection biasStudy designConfoundersBlindingData collection methodsWithdrawals and dropouts
Alhassan et al, 201248WeakStrongStrongModerateModerateStrong
Alhassan et al, 201351WeakStrongStrongModerateModerateStrong
Annesi et al, 201352ModerateStrongWeakModerateStrongWeak
Birken et al, 201264ModerateStrongStrongStrongWeakStrong
Campbell et al, 201354ModerateStrongStrongStrongModerateStrong
Cardon et al, 200959ModerateStrongWeakModerateModerateStrong
De Bock et al, 201365StrongStrongStrongModerateWeakModerate
De Craemer et al, 201661WeakStrongWeakModerateModerateStrong
Dennison et al, 200441ModerateStrongStrongModerateWeakModerate
Evans et al, 201142ModerateStrongWeakModerateWeakWeak
Fitzgibbon et al, 200544ModerateStrongStrongWeakWeakWeak
Fitzgibbon et al, 200645ModerateStrongStrongWeakWeakStrong
Fitzgibbon et al, 201146ModerateStrongStrongModerateWeakModerate
Fitzgibbon et al, 201343ModerateStrongWeakModerateWeakStrong
Haines et al, 201339WeakStrongStrongModerateWeakStrong
Hinkley et al, 201555WeakStrongWeakStrongStrongWeak
Jones et al, 201558ModerateStrongWeakModerateStrongStrong
Knowlden et al, 201553ModerateStrongStrongModerateStrongStrong
Lerner-Geva et al, 201568ModerateStrongStrongModerateWeakWeak
Natale et al, 201440ModerateStrongWeakModerateStrongWeak
O'Dwyer et al, 201263WeakStrongStrongModerateModerateStrong
O'Dwyer et al, 201362WeakStrongStrongWeakModerateStrong
Østbye et al, 201249WeakStrongStrongModerateWeakModerate
Puder et al, 201166StrongStrongStrongModerateStrongStrong
Skouteris et al, 201557ModerateStrongWeakModerateWeakStrong
Taveras et al, 201147WeakStrongStrongModerateModerateStrong
van Grieken 201467WeakStrongStrongModerateWeakWeak
Verbestel et al, 201360WeakStrongStrongModerateWeakModerate
Wen et al, 201256ModerateStrongStrongStrongModerateModerate
Yilmaz et al, 201569ModerateStrongStrongStrongWeakStrong
Zimmerman et al, 201250WeakStrongStrongModerateModerateModerate