Univariate comparison of relationship between candidate risk factors and head injuries
| 2002 (578/3276) | 2010 (673/4396) | 2011 (530/3436) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head injured (n) | Controls (n) | Per cent | p Value | Head injured (n) | Controls (n) | Per cent | p Value | Head injured (n) | Controls (n) | Per cent | p Value | |
| Helmet use | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Yes | 96 (17) | 684 (26) | 12.3 | 455 (72) | 2487 (76) | 15.5 | 400 (79) | 2206 (87) | 15.3 | |||
| No | 476 | 1967 | 19.5 | 179 | 806 | 18.2 | 107 | 534 | 16.7 | |||
| Age | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.65 | |||||||||
| <13 | 78 (67) | 375 (70) | 17.2 | 112 (90) | 552 (95) | 16.9 | 90 (91) | 468 (96) | 16.1 | |||
| 13–20 | 249 (12) | 1143 (22) | 17.9 | 234 (73) | 1273 (75) | 15.5 | 219 (87) | 1195 (84) | 15.5 | |||
| >20 | 237 (5) | 1156 (15) | 17.0 | 291 (53) | 1509 (66) | 16.2 | 196 (60) | 1088 (66) | 15.3 | |||
| Gender | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Male | 385 (19) | 1580 (29) | 19.6 | 437 (72) | 2139 (75) | 17.0 | 356 (73) | 1759 (78) | 16.6 | |||
| Female | 187 (12) | 1094 (21) | 14.6 | 233 (68) | 1377 (72) | 14.5 | 174 (72) | 1084 (76) | 13.8 | |||
| Nationality | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.05 | |||||||||
| Norwegian | 345 (18) | 1372 (25) | 20.1 | 391 (70) | 1815 (75) | 17.7 | 320 (75) | 1580 (79) | 16.8 | |||
| Swedish | 79 (16) | 555 (33) | 12.5 | 104 (71) | 556 (74) | 15.8 | 76 (75) | 391 (80) | 16.3 | |||
| Danish | 105 (12) | 556 (22) | 15.9 | 101 (70) | 789 (73) | 11.3 | 84 (74) | 587 (78) | 12.5 | |||
| Other | 45 (14) | 215 (17) | 17.3 | 72 (65) | 333 (68) | 17.8 | 46 (65) | 270 (66) | 14.6 | |||
| Skiing ability | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |||||||||
| Expert | 108 (20) | 340 (29) | 24.1 | 123 (76) | 591 (79) | 17.2 | 94 (82) | 451 (85) | 17.2 | |||
| Good | 184 (11) | 762 (28) | 19.5 | 195 (71) | 956 (75) | 16.9 | 174 (74) | 891 (79) | 16.3 | |||
| Interm | 147 (16) | 816 (22) | 15.3 | 199 (67) | 1059 (73) | 15.8 | 132 (67) | 833 (77) | 13.7 | |||
| Beginner | 121 (21) | 725 (24) | 14.3 | 111 (69) | 700 (72) | 13.7 | 89 (85) | 572 (77) | 13.5 | |||
| Location | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.023 | |||||||||
| On piste | 395 (16 | 2073 (24) | 16.0 | 365 (69) | 2147 (72) | 14.5 | 295 (78) | 1740 (76) | 14.5 | |||
| Off-piste | 52 (17) | 260 (31) | 16.7 | 82 (82) | 373 (82) | 18.0 | 41 (69) | 283 (83) | 12.7 | |||
| Park area | 70 (11) | 192 (35) | 26.7 | 155 (70) | 772 (80) | 16.7 | 155 (76) | 687 (81) | 18.4 | |||
| Lift | 38 (22) | 104 (34) | 23.0 | 35 (80) | 104 (75) | 25.1 | 26 (72) | 92 (81) | 21.6 | |||
| Equipment | 0.49 | 0.97 | 0.03 | |||||||||
| Alpine | 287 (20) | 1320 (26) | 17.9 | 432 (75) | 2278 (77) | 15.9 | 381 ((79) | 1916 (84) | 16.6 | |||
| Snowboard | 245 (12) | 1146 (25) | 17.6 | 184 (65) | 981 (70) | 15.8 | 122 (70) | 817 (75) | 13.0 | |||
| Telemark | 32 (3) | 147 (17) | 17.9 | 14 (71) | 80 (72) | 14.9 | 11 (40) | 49 (82) | 18.3 | |||
| Rented equipment | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.26 | |||||||||
| Yes | 162 (18) | 896 (24) | 15.3 | 171 (72) | 1009 (74) | 14.5 | 140 (82) | 835 (80) | 14.4 | |||
| No | 400 (15) | 1743 (26) | 18.7 | 443 (73) | 2250 (75) | 16.5 | 352 (80) | 1851 (81) | 16.0 | |||
| Skiing instruction | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.65 | |||||||||
| Yes | 180 (17) | 838 (29) | 17.7 | 151 (75) | 912 (82) | 14.2 | 134 (89) | 720 (87) | 15.7 | |||
| No | 362 (15) | 1691 (23) | 17.6 | 402 (73) | 2081 (71) | 16.2 | 303 (75) | 1718 (77) | 15.0 | |||
*p Values are shown for Fisher's exact test between the head injured and control groups.
†Numbers in parentheses represent the percentage with a helmet in the case and control groups, respectively. The column percentages represent the proportion of total cases (sum of controls and cases) with known helmet use that suffered a head injury.