Table 3

Study characteristics

Author	Cancer type	Patient or survivor population	Treatment types	N	Duration of intervention (weeks)	Outcomes of interest	Effects on outcomes	PEDro score
Ahmed25	Breast	Survivor		45	24	Lymphoedema symptoms, strength	↑ strength, ↔ lymphoedema symptoms	7
Brown et al53 54	Breast	Survivor		243	52	ASMM, strength	↔ ASMM, ↑ strength,	9
Cormie55	Breast	Survivor		43	12	Swelling, symptom severity, QOL, depression, strength, END, ROM	NA	9
Dolan56	Breast	Patient	Chemotherapy	242	Duration of chemo	QOL, fatigue, CRF, strength, BC	NA	8
Hagstrom23 57	Breast	Patient	Chemotherapy	242	Duration of chemo	HB, CRF	↑ HB, CRF	7
Alberga58	Breast	Survivor		39	16	QOL, fatigue, muscle strength, inflammatory markers, BC	↑ Fatigue, QOL, strength, inflammatory marker, ↔ BC	8
Capozzi59	Breast	Survivor		55	12	Aerobic fitness, upper/lower body strength, body composition	↑ Upper body strength, ↔ aerobic fitness, body composition, lower body strength
Christensen60 61	Breast	Survivor		86	24	QOL, BC, muscle strength	↑ QOL, BC and muscle strength: NA	8
Courneya62	Breast	Patient	Chemotherapy	21	12	Muscle strength, exercise capacity, QOL	↑ strength, and QOL, ↓ capacity	5
Musanti63	Breast	Survivor		33	24	QOL, fatigue	↑ QOL, fatigue	6
Ohira27	Breast	Patient	Chemotherapy	95	12	Fatigue, depression, COG function	↔ Fatigue, depression, COG function	8
Schmidt64	Breast	Survivor		78	12	BC, insulin, ILGF	↑ BC, ↔ insulin, ILGF	9
Schmidt65	Breast	Survivor		134	52	Incident BRCL, muscle strength, BC	↑ Strength, ↔ BC, BRCL	5
Schmidt5	Breast	Survivor		23	24	Bone turnover, BC, strength	↔ BC, bone turnover, ↑ strength	5
Schmitz22	Breast	Survivor		234	52	BIRS, QOL, muscle strength	↑ BIRS, QOL and strength	9
Schmitz66 67	Breast	Survivor		106	52	BMD, BC, strength, physical function, QOL, fatigue	↑ Strength, physical function, ↔ BC, BMD, fatigue, QOL	6
Simonavice68	Breast	Survivor		71	52	BC, BMD, bone turnover	↔ BC, BMD, bone turnover	6
Speck69	Breast	Survivor		258	52	BMD	↔ BMD	8
Twiss70	Breast	Patient	Radiation	77	12	Fatigue, QOL, depression	↑ Fatigue, QOL, ↔ depression	8
Yuen71	Breast	Survivor		223	24	Muscle strength, dynamic balance	↑ Muscle strength and dynamic balance	7
Winters-stone9 72 73	Breast	Survivor		22	12	Fatigue, aerobic capacity	↑ Aerobic capacity, ↔ fatigue, ↔ CRF	5
Winters-stone26	Gastrointestinal	Patient	Chemotherapy	26	12	QOL, strength, CRF	↑ QOL, strength	5
Winters-stone74	Germ cell	Patient	Chemotherapy	30	9	Inflammatory cytokines, QOL, BC, blood lipids	↑ Blood lipids, ↔ BC and QOL, ↓ inflammatory cytokines	9
Steindorf75	Head and neck	Patient	Radiation/chemotherapy	31	12	BC, grip strength, sit-stand, flex, AC, QOL		7
Jensen76	Head and neck	Survivor		30	12	BC, muscle strength, FP	↑ BC, Muscle strength, FP	5
Lønbro77	Head and neck	Survivor		21	24	BC, Muscle strength, FP	↑ BC, Muscle strength, FP	5
Lønbro78	Prostate	Patient	Radiation/ADT	121	24	Strength, BC, CRF	↑ Strength, ↔ BC, CRF	5
Nilsen29	Prostate	Patient	ADT	58	16	BC, physical function, QOL	↑ Physical function, ↔ QOL, BC	7
Nilsen28	Prostate	Patient	Radiation/ADT	23	16	CSA, myonuclei, satellite cells, strength	↑ CSA, strength, ↔ myonuclei, strength	6
Norris30	Prostate	Patient		30	12	Strength, physical function, QOL, fatigue	NA	8
Santa Mina79	Prostate	Patient	ADT	26	24	Adiponectin, leptin, IGF-1, aerobic capacity, anthropometrics, grip strength	↓ IGF-1, ↔ adiponectin, leptin, aerobic capacity, anthropometrics, grip strength	5
Segal80	Prostate	Patient	Radiation/chemotherapy	121	24	QOL, CRF, BC, muscular strength, T, PSA, Hb	↑ Strength, Hb, ↔ QOL, CRF, BC, T, PSA	8
Segal24	Prostate	Patient	ADT	155	12	Fatigue, QOL, BC, muscular fitness	↑ Fatigue, QOL, muscular fitness, ↔ BC	8
Winters-stone81	Prostate	Patient	None currently	64	24	BC, muscle strength	↑ Muscle strength, ↔ BC	8
Winters-stone74 82 83	Prostate	Patient	ADT	51	52	BC, insulin, IGF-1, muscle strength, disability	↑ BC, muscle strength, disability, insulin, IGF-1	7
Litterini84	Mixed	Patient	Chemotherapy/CT	52	10	SPPB, pain, fatigue		5

↑: outcomes improved; ↔: no change in outcomes; ↓: outcomes worsened.
AC, aerobic capacity; ASMM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BC, body composition; BIRS, Body Image Relationship Scale; BMD, bone mineral density; BRCL, breast cancer-related lymphoedema; COG, cognitive; CRF, cancer-related fatigue; CSA, cross-sectional area; END, endurance; FP, functional performance; Hb, haemoglobin; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor; NA, not applicable: only between groups measured; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; QOL, quality of life; ROM, range of motion; SPPB, short physical performance battery; T, testosterone.