Associations between sports participation and all-cause mortality in adults aged ≥30 years (n=80 306)
| Median age at death | Deaths/n | Model 1* HR (95% CI) | Model 2† HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cycling ‡ | ||||
| None | 77.0 | 8419/72 373 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any | 69.6 | 371/7933 | 0.69 (0.62 to 0.77) | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.95) |
| p value | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||
| Swimming | ||||
| None | 77.0 | 8395/69 525 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any | 69.6 | 395/10 781 | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.65) | 0.72 (0.65 to 0.80) |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Running§ | ||||
| None | 77.0 | 8722/76 294 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any | 55.5 | 68/4012 | 0.57 (0.45 to 0.73) | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) |
| p value | <0.001 | 0.252 | ||
| Football¶ | ||||
| None | 77.0 | 8747/77 830 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any | 54.0 | 43/2476 | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.86) | 0.82 (0.61 to 1.11) |
| p value | 0.003 | 0.175 | ||
| Racquet sports** | ||||
| None | 77.0 | 8736/77 391 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any | 66.0 | 54/2917 | 0.38 (0.29 to 0.49) | 0.53 (0.40 to 0.69) |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Aerobics†† | ||||
| None | 77.0 | 8618/75 165 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any | 73.4 | 172/5141 | 0.60 (0.52 to 0.70) | 0.73 (0.63 to 0.85) |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
*Model adjusted for age and sex.
†Model also adjusted for long-standing illness, alcohol drinking frequency, psychological distress (GHQ score), BMI, smoking status, education level, doctor-diagnosed cardiovascular disease (IHD, angina, stroke) or cancer, and weekly volume of other physical activity (MET-hours, excluding the volume of the sport that was the main exposure in the corresponding model).
‡For any purpose.
§Running/jogging.
¶Football/rugby.
**Badminton, tennis, squash.
††Aerobics/keep fit/gymnastics/dance for fitness.
BMI, body mass index; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalent.