A multivariable adjusted model exploring prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 5 years for the early reconstruction plus exercise therapy group
| KOOS-pain | KOOS-symptoms | KOOS-sport/rec | KOOS-QOL | |||||||||
| Effect | 95% CI | p Value | Effect | 95% CI | p Value | Effect | 95% CI | p Value | Effect | 95% CI | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline cartilage defect | 2.5 | −4.7 to 9.7 | 0.49 | −3.8 | −14.5 to 6.9 | 0.48 | −3.0 | −17.4 to 11.3 | 0.67 | 9.0 | −4.4 to 22.3 | 0.18 |
| Baseline meniscus damage | −4.4 | −11.0 to 2.2 | 0.19 | −6.2 | −16.0 to 3.6 | 0.21 | −14.4 | −27.6 to −1.3 | 0.03 | −11.9 | −24.2 to 0.3 | 0.06 |
| Baseline osteochondral lesion | −5.4 | −11.7 to 1.0 | 0.10 | 0.4 | −9.2 to 9.9 | 0.94 | −3.7 | −16.5 to 9.1 | 0.56 | −12.3 | −24.2 to −0.4 | 0.04 |
| Baseline extension deficit | −3.3 | −9.4 to 2.7 | 0.27 | 1.3 | −7.8 to 10.4 | 0.77 | −5.3 | −17.5 to 6.9 | 0.38 | −6.1 | −17.4 to 5.3 | 0.29 |
| Graft/contralateral ACL rupture | −0.5 | −9.8 to 8.7 | 0.91 | 2.6 | −11.1 to 16.3 | 0.70 | −2.1 | −20.5 to 16.4 | 0.82 | −2.3 | −19.5 to 14.8 | 0.79 |
| 1 non-ACL surgery* | −8.0 | −14.4 to −1.5 | 0.02 | −11.2 | −20.9 to −1.6 | 0.02 | −15.1 | −28.0 to −2.1 | 0.02 | −9.8 | −21.8 to 2.2 | 0.11 |
| ≥2 non-ACL surgeries* | −16.9 | −27.7 to −6.0 | 0.003 | −24.0 | −40.2 to −7.8 | 0.01 | −25.8 | −47.6 to −4.0 | 0.02 | −20.2 | −40.4 to 0.1 | 0.05 |
| SF-36 MCS at baseline | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.2 | 0.42 | −0.1 | −0.3 to 0.2 | 0.67 | −0.1 | −0.4 to 0.3 | 0.63 | −0.1 | −0.4 to 0.2 | 0.59 |
| KOOS4 baseline | 0.2 | 0.0 to 0.4 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.1 to 0.8 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.0 to 0.9 | 0.04 | 0.7 | 0.3 to 1.1 | 0.002 |
| Rehabilitation visits | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.1 | 0.31 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.2 | 0.44 | 0.2 | 0.0 to 0.4 | 0.07 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.3 | 0.27 |
*No non-ACL surgeries was used as a reference category in multivariable analysis.
Effect (regression coefficient): the estimate of the average change in a KOOS subscale (scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best)) that corresponds to a 1-unit change in the prognostic factor (1-unit=1 point on a 0–100 scale for KOOS4 and SF-36 MCS). All estimates are adjusted for sex, age, smoking, education level and preinjury activity level. Crude unadjusted estimates are presented in see online supplementary appendix. Non-ACL surgery: total number of knee surgery events not involving ACL reconstruction or revision. KOOS and SF-36 scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
Statistically significant effects (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold.
KOOS4, a mean score from four Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales (pain, symptoms, sport/rec and QOL); MCS, Mental Component Score; SF-36, 36-item Short-Form.