Table 2

Characteristics of included studies examining sideline screening assessments

Study	Setting	Study design	Sample size (n)	Sport(s)	Level	Mean age (years±SE)	Gender (% male)	Index test(s)	Reference standard
Maddocks et al 33	Australia	PCS	56	Australian football	Professional	NR	100	Individual symptoms, Maddocks questions	Clinical diagnosis
McCrory et al 34	Australia	PCS	303	Australian football	Professional	NR	100	Individual symptoms	Clinical diagnosis
Barr and McCrea35	USA	PCS	118	American football	Varsity high school	18.1 (NR)	NR	SAC	Clinical diagnosis
Erlanger et al 36	USA	PCS	47	American football, ice hockey, field hockey, wrestling, soccer, basketball	School adolescents	17.6 (SD 2.23)	57	Individual symptoms	NR
McCrea37	USA	PCS	118	American football	Varsity high school	19.8±1.3	NR	SAC	Clinical diagnosis
McCrea et al 38	USA	PCS	91	American football	Varsity high school	17.5±2.1	NR	SAC	Clinical diagnosis
McCrea et al 39	USA	PCS	150	American football	Collegiate adults	20.04 (SD 1.36)	100	GSC, BESS, SAC	Clinical diagnosis
Echlin et al 40	USA	PCS	67	Ice hockey	Junior adolescents	18.2±1.2	100%	BESS, SAC	Clinical diagnosis + SCAT 2
Galetta et al 41	USA	PCS	39	Boxing, mixed martial arts	Amateur adult	24	97	KD	MACE
Galetta et al 42	USA	PCS	219	American football, soccer, basketball	Collegiate athletics	20.3±1.4	83	KD	Clinical diagnosis
Barr et al 43	USA	PCS	90	American football	High school, collegiate	NR	100	CSI, SAC, BESS	Clinical diagnosis
King et al 44	NZ	PCS	50	Rugby league	Amateur adult	22.4±4.1	100	KD	SCAT 2
Galetta et al 45	USA	PCS	27	Ice hockey	Professional	25±5	100	KD, SAC	SCAT 2
Dhawan et al 46	USA	PCS	141	Hockey	High school athletics	NR	NR	KD	NR
Leong et al 47	USA	PCS	34	Boxing	Amateur adult	25.8±8.3	85	KD	MACE
Fuller et al 21	UK, RSA, France	PCS	165	Rugby union	Professional adults	NR	100	PSACA1 tool: Maddocks questions, symptoms checklist, mental status assessment, tandem stance test	Clinical diagnosis + SCAT 3
Galetta et al 48	USA	PCS	243	Ice hockey, lacrosse, athletics	Amateur youth, collegiate athletics	Youths: 11±3, adults: 20±1	Youths: 84 Adults: 74	KD, timed tandem gait, SAC	Clinical diagnosis
Leong et al 49	USA	PCS	127	American football, basketball	Collegiate athletics	19.6±1.2	94	KD	Modified SCAT 2
Marinides et al 50	USA	RCS	217	American football, lacrosse, soccer	Collegiate athletics	NR	70	KD, BESS, SAC	Clinical diagnosis
Putukian et al 51	USA	PCS	263	American football, rugby union, sprint football, crew	Collegiate adults	20.33 (SD 1.74)	67%	SCAT2 symptom checklist, modified BESS, SAC, SCAT2	Clinical diagnosis
Seidman et al 52	USA	PCS	337	American football	High school athletics	15.4±1.3	100	KD	SCAT 3

BESS, Balance Error Scoring System; CSI, Concussion Symptom Inventory; GSC, Graded Symptom Checklist; KD, King-Devick; MACE, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation; NR, not reported; NZ, New Zealand; PCS, prospective cohort study; RCS, retrospective cohort study; RSA, Republic of South Africa; SAC, Standardised Assessment of Concussion; SCAT, Sports Concussion Assessment Tool.