A multivariable adjusted model exploring prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 5 years for the exercise therapy alone group
| KOOS-pain | KOOS-symptoms | KOOS-sport/rec | KOOS-QOL | |||||||||
| Effect | 95% CI | p Value | Effect | 95% CI | p Value | Effect | 95% CI | p Value | Effect | 95% CI | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline cartilage defect | −11.9 | −30.4 to 6.6 | 0.18 | −22.3 | −46.2 to 1.5 | 0.06 | −20.2 | −58.5 to 18.0 | 0.27 | −10.3 | −54.3 to 33.7 | 0.61 |
| Baseline meniscus damage | 9.4 | −10.2 to 29.0 | 0.31 | 11.1 | −12.9 to 35.1 | 0.33 | 28.8 | −12.8 to 70.5 | 0.16 | −3.1 | −46.3 to 40.2 | 0.88 |
| Baseline osteochondral lesion | −3.5 | −16.5 to 9.5 | 0.56 | −1.4 | −17.3 to 14.5 | 0.85 | −13.9 | −41.4 to 13.7 | 0.29 | −2.0 | −31.2 to 27.3 | 0.89 |
| Baseline extension deficit | 7.2 | −12.3 to 26.6 | 0.44 | 0.7 | −23.4 to 24.8 | 0.95 | 15.0 | −25.6 to 55.6 | 0.43 | 2.8 | −40.2 to 45.9 | 0.89 |
| Graft/contralateral ACL rupture | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1 non-ACL surgery* | −14.0 | −27.9 to −0.1 | 0.049 | −13.8 | −30.8 to 3.3 | 0.10 | −22.8 | −52.2 to 6.6 | 0.12 | −10.4 | −41.2 to 20.5 | 0.48 |
| ≥2 non-ACL surgeries* | −6.5 | −32.4 to 19.5 | 0.59 | −18.2 | −50.1 to 13.7 | 0.24 | −18.6 | −73.2 to 36.1 | 0.47 | −1.3 | −59.6 to 56.9 | 0.96 |
| SF-36 MCS at baseline | 0.2 | −0.2 to 0.6 | 0.30 | 0.2 | −0.3 to 0.8 | 0.30 | 0.3 | −0.5 to 1.2 | 0.40 | 0.5 | −0.4 to 1.5 | 0.23 |
| KOOS4 baseline | 0.3 | −0.3 to 0.9 | 0.30 | 0.3 | −0.4 to 1.1 | 0.38 | 0.6 | −0.6 to 1.9 | 0.28 | 0.1 | −1.2 to 1.5 | 0.82 |
| Rehabilitation visits | −0.1 | −0.6 to 0.3 | 0.47 | 0.0 | −0.5 to 0.6 | 0.84 | −0.4 | −1.2 to 0.5 | 0.39 | −0.5 | −1.4 to 0.4 | 0.22 |
*No non-ACL surgeries was used as a reference category in multivariable analysis.
Effect (regression coefficient): the estimate of the average change in a KOOS subscale (scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best)) that corresponds to a 1-unit change in the prognostic factor (1-unit=1 point on a 0–100 scale for KOOS4 and SF-36 MCS). All estimates are adjusted for sex, age, smoking, education level and preinjury activity level. Crude unadjusted estimates are presented in see online supplementary appendix. Non-ACL surgery: total number of knee surgery events not performed in the same surgical session as ACL reconstruction or revision. KOOS and SF-36 scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
Statistically significant effects (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold.
KOOS4, a mean score from four Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales (pain, symptoms, sport/rec and QOL); MCS, Mental Component Score; SF-36, 36-item Short-Form.