Primary and secondary outcomes at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after arthroscopy*
| Outcome |
Biceps tenodesis (n=39) |
Sham surgery (n=39) |
Labral repair (n=40) |
| Primary outcome, mean (95% CI) | |||
| Rowe score (0 to 100)† | |||
| Baseline | 60.3 (57.0 to 64.0) | 63.2 (59.8 to 66.7) | 62.7 (59.6 to 65.8) |
| 3 Months | 62.4 (57.1 to 67.7) | 68.9 (63.5 to 74.3) | 63.8 (58.6 to 69.0) |
| 6 Months | 76.0 (70.7 to 81.1) | 76.3 (71.1 to 81.6) | 76.1 (71.0 to 81.3) |
| 12 Months | 83.3 (78.4 to 88.1) | 81.4 (76.4 to 86.5) | 83.5 (78.6 to 88.4) |
| 24 Months | 86.8 (82.2 to 91.4) | 85.3 (80.6 to 89.9) | 85.8 (81.3 to 90.4) |
| WOSI (0 to 2100)‡ | |||
| Baseline | 1155 (1026 to 1283) | 1062 (940 to 1183) | 1044 (941 to 1146) |
| 3 Months | 1115 (829 to 1401) | 833 (528 to 1138) | 788 (506 to 1070) |
| 6 Months | 689 (548 to 829) | 560 (420 to 701) | 552 (414 to 691) |
| 12 Months | 490 (353 to 627) | 475 (335 to 614) | 429 (294 to 565) |
| 24 Months | 436 (313 to 559) | 458 (334 to 582) | 340 (219 to 461) |
| Secondary outcome, mean (95% CI) | |||
| OISS (12 to 60)§ | |||
| Baseline | 38.6 (36.1 to 41.1) | 36.9 (34.3 to 39.6) | 36.7 (34.8 to 38.6) |
| 3 Months | 37.8 (35.3 to 40.4) | 36.0 (33.4 to 38.6) | 36.0 (33.6 to 38.5) |
| 6 Months | 29.7 (27.0 to 32.4) | 28.6 (25.9 to 31.3) | 27.4 (24.7 to 30.60 |
| 12 Months | 24.1 (21.1 to 27.1) | 25.9 (22.8 to 28.9) | 23.3 (20.3 to 26.2) |
| 24 Months | 21.7 (18.5 to 24.8) | 23.3 (20.1 to 26.5) | 22.7 (19.6 to 25.8) |
| EQ-5D (0.59 to 1.00)¶ | |||
| Baseline | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.7) |
| 3 Months | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.7) | 0.7 (0.7 to 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) |
| 6 Months | 0.7 (0.7 to 0.8) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) |
| 12 Months | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) |
| 24 Months | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) |
| EQ-VAS (0 to 100)¶ | |||
| Baseline | 67.9 (63.3 to 73.4) | 66.7 (62.2 to 73.1) | 68.4 (62.9 to 73.8) |
| 3 Months | 67.1 (60.7 to 73.5) | 67.7 (61.6 to 74.3) | 72.9 (66.6 to 79.3) |
| 6 Months | 73.9 (68.3 to 79.4) | 76.9 (71.3 to 82.4) | 81.3 (75.8 to 86.7) |
| 12 Months | 78.3 (72.5 to 84.1) | 79.4 (73.5 to 85.3) | 79.2 (73.5 to 85.0) |
| 24 Months | 79.6 (74.0 to 85.2) | 76.8 (71.2 to 82.5) | 81.7 (76.1 to 87.2) |
| Change of main complaint (−9 to +9) | |||
| 3 Months | 3.0 (1.5 to 4.5) | 2.3 (0.8 to 3.9) | 3.2 (1.7 to 4.6) |
| 6 Months | 3.8 (2.2 to 5.4) | 2.8 (1.2 to 4.4) | 3.7 (2.1 to 5.3) |
| 12 Months | 5.3 (3.9 to 6.6) | 4.5 (3.1 to 5.9) | 5.5 (4.2 to 7.0) |
| 24 Months | 5.7 (4.6 to 6.9) | 5.5 (4.3 to 6.7) | 5.3 (4.3 to 6.9) |
*Unadjusted values are given.
†Higher scores indicating better shoulder function.
‡Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, lower scores indicating better shoulder function.
§Oxford Instability Shoulder Score, lower scores indicating better shoulder function.
¶EuroQol (EQ-5D and EQ-VAS), higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.
OISS, Oxford Instability Shoulder Score; WOSI, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index.