Range of motion of upper extremity (dominant arm)
| Normal | Tennis | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Values are given as mean (SD). | |||
| Significant p values are shown in bold. | |||
| Shoulder flexion | 180.0 (0.0) | 180.0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| Shoulder hyperextension | 54.1 (4.1) | 57.5 (6.1) | 0.000 |
| Shoulder abduction | 179.8 (2.4) | 180.0 (0.0) | 0.317 |
| Shoulder adduction | 38.9 (7.7) | 43.3 (3.8) | 0.01 |
| Shoulder internal rotation | 64.4 (7.6) | 70.6 (2.9) | 0.000 |
| Shoulder external rotation | 84.2 (6.6) | 89.9 (3.1) | 0.000 |
| Elbow flexion | 144.1 (4.5) | 133.6 (5.3) | 0.000 |
| Forearm supination | 78.3 (9.7) | 84.3 (3.0) | 0.000 |
| Forearm pronation | 78.8 (9.3) | 84.3 (0.2) | 0.000 |
| Wrist flexion | 85.8 (4.4) | 89.7 (1.7) | 0.000 |
| Wrist extension | 64.6 (5.3) | 68.9 (4.8) | 0.01 |
| Wrist ulnar deviation | 27.6 (3.2) | 29.2 (6.9) | 0.009 |
| Wrist radial deviation | 18.8 (1.3) | 20.0 (0.0) | 0.006 |