Table 1

Summary of the literature on stroke volume response to exercise

Reference	Subjects (age)	Mode	Vo₂max	SVmax (ml/beat)	Q	SV response
Data are presented as the mean or range.
SV, Stroke volume; ET, endurance trained; UT, untrained; PA, physically active; MT, moderately trained; MA, master athlete; DR, distance runners; ER, elite runners; CR, competitive runners; NCR, non-competitive runners; SED, sedentary; TM, Treadmill; DD, dye dilution; ARB, acetylene rebreathing; TDE, two dimensional echo; HC, heart catheter; IC, impedance cardiography; CO₂, CO₂ rebreathing; RNA, radionuclide angiography; RNV, radionuclide ventriculography.
Chapman et al⁵	26 men (19–63)	TM	3.7 litres/min	136	DD	Bimodal ↑
Bevegard et al²	8 ET men (17–28)	Cycle	3.4 litres/min	155	HC	Plateau
Astrand et al¹	11 women (20–31)	Cycle	2.6 litres/min	100	DD	Plateau
	12 men (20–31)		4.05 litres/min	134
Grimby et al³	9 ET men (45–55)	Cycle	3.8 litres/min	163	DD	Plateau
Ekblom & Hermansen⁶	13 athletes (22–34)	TM	73.9 ml/kg/min	189	DD	9 progressive ↑
						4 plateau
Vanfraechem²²	17 ET men (21)	Cycle	4.55 litres/min	122	IC	Progressive ↑
Crawford et al²³	12 CR men & women	Cycle	–	–	RNA	Progressive ↑
	16 NCR men & women					Plateau
Hagberg et al²⁴	8 MA men (56)	TM	56.6 ml/kg/min	133	CO₂	Plateau
	8 Matched to MA (25)		62.2 ml/kg/min	131		Plateau
	8 CR men (26)		70.3 ml/kg/min	133		Plateau
	15 SED men (58)		29.7 ml/kg/min	109		Plateau
Higginbotham⁴	12 UT men (20–50)	Cycle	2.0–3.8 litres/min	–	DD	Plateau
	12 ET men (20–50)
Rivera et al¹⁰	11 ET men (27–39)	Cycle	70.4 ml/kg/min	137	ARB	ET plateau
	11 MA men (59–81)		45 ml/kg/min	117		5/11 MA plateau
						6/11 MA progressive ↑
Sullivan et al¹⁶	34 men (20–70)	Cycle	31.5 ml/kg/min	–	HC	Plateau
	27 women (20–63)		28.4 ml/kg/min
Ogawa et al¹⁷	14 SED men (27)	TM	45.9 ml/kg/min	115	ARB	Progressive ↓
	13 SED men (63)		27.2 ml/kg/min	101		50–100% of Vo₂max in all
	14 SED women (23)		37 ml/kg/min	80		groups
	14 SED women (64)		22.2 ml/kg/min	74
	15 ET men (28)		63.3 ml/kg/min	154
	14 ET men (63)		47.6 ml/kg/min	124
	13 ET women (26)		52.1 ml/kg/min	102
	13 ET women (57)		35.3 ml/kg/min	85
Spina et al¹⁹	12 Men & women (25)	Cycle & TM	Before training:	Before training:	ARB	Before training: Progressive ↓
	Training study		42 ml/kg/min	106		50–100% of Vo₂max After
			After training:	After training:		training: Plateau
			50 ml/kg/min	115
Spina et al¹⁵	15 men (63)	TM	After training:	After training:	ARB	Before & after training:
	16 women (64)		2.8 litres/min	116		Progressive ↓
	Training study		1.66 litres/min	70		50–100% of Vo₂max
Leyk et al²⁵	7 ET men (26)	Cycle	4.05 litres/min	–	TDE	Plateau
	2 ET women (26)
Gledhill et al⁷	7 ET men (22.5)	Cycle	68.6 ml/kg/min	183	ARB	UT plateau
	7 UT men (22)		44.1 ml/kg/min	129		ET progressive ↑
McLaren et al¹³	10 Male cyclists (65)	Cycle	54 ml/kg/min	–	IC	Plateau
	11 Male runners (65)		48 ml/kg/min
	10 UT men (66)		28 ml/kg/min
Krip et al⁸	6 UT men (22)	Cycle	41.5 ml/kg/min	130	ARB	Progressive ↑
	6 ET men (24.8)		64 ml/kg/min	171
Proctor et al¹⁴	8 Young ET men (24)	Cycle	56.5 ml/kg/min	–	ARB	Young men progressive ↓
	8 Older ET men (64) 6 Young ET women (27)		39.9 ml/kg/min 45.6 ml/kg/min			Older men plateau with some exhibiting progressive ↓
						70–90% of Vo₂max
						Young women plateau
						Older women progressive ↓
	8 Older ET women (61)		35.1 ml/kg/min			70–90% of Vo₂max
McCole et al¹⁸	11 SED women (63)	TM	–	–	ARB	Progressive ↓
	19 PA women (63)					60–100% of Vo₂max
	14 MA women (65)
Wiebe et al¹¹	23 ET women (20–63)	Cycle	40–70 ml/kg/min	104–125	ARB	Progressive ↑
Warburton et al²¹	9 ET men (22)	Cycle	68.9 ml/kg/min	160	ARB	Progressive ↑
Ferguson et al²⁰	7 MT women (18–30)	Cycle	64.3 ml/kg/min	121	ARB	MT bimodal ↑
	7 ET women (18–30)		42.1 ml/kg/min	90		ET progressive ↑
Zhou et al¹²	10 UT men (28)	TM	48.9 ml/kg/min	128	ARB	UT plateau
	10 male DR (26)		72.1 ml/kg/min	145		DR plateau
	5 male ER (30)		84.1 ml/kg/min	187		ER progressive ↑
Martino et al⁹	6 UT men (19–22)	TM	43–67 ml/kg/min	89–159	ARB	Bimodal ↑
Warburton et al²⁶	10 ET men (18–30)	Cycle	67.8 ml/kg/min	–	RNV	Progressive ↑