Table 3

 Estimated speed for elbow to head game impacts

CaseSpeed(m/s)Injury reported
11.3Head wound
24.1Scalp laceration
31.0Lower lip
42.8Nose fracture, skull trauma
55.3Head contusion—severity 2 days
63.7Facial laceration—severity 3 days
Mean3.03
SD1.67
95% CI±1.33