How was allocation to the intervention group done? | |
2 = random |
1 = cluster random | |
0 = historical comparison/volunteer or convenience group | |
Was the assigned intervention concealed before allocation? | |
2 = adequate | |
1 = unclear | |
0 = inadequate/impossible | |
Were the outcomes of participants who withdrew described and included in the analysis (intention to treat/effect of compliance)? | |
2 = withdrawals well described and accounted for in analysis | |
1 = withdrawals described and analysis not possible | |
0 = no mention, inadequate mention, or obvious differences and no adjustment | |
Were the outcome assessors blinded to treatment status? | |
2 = effective action taken to blind assessors |
1 = small or moderate chance of unblinding of assessors | |
0 = not mentioned or not possible | |
Were the inclusion and exclusion criteria (age, previous injury, sport) clearly defined? | |
2 = clearly defined | |
1 = inadequately defined | |
0 = not defined | |
Were the intervention and control group comparable at entry? | |
2 = good comparability of groups, or confounding adjusted for in analysis | |
1 = confounding small; mentioned but not adjusted for | |
0 = large potential for confounding, or not discussed | |
Were the interventions clearly defined? | |
2 = clearly defined interventions are applied |
1 = clearly defined interventions are applied but the application is not standardised | |
0 = intervention and/or application are poorly or not defined | |
Were the outcome measures used clearly defined? (injury: self-reported injury/medically confirmed/severity defined) | |
2 = clearly defined | |
1 = adequately defined/recorded | |
0 = not adequately defined/recorded | |
Was the surveillance period active and of clinically appropriate duration? | |
2 = active surveillance and appropriate duration | |
1 = active surveillance, but inadequate duration | |
0 = surveillance not active or not defined | |
Total score (18 = 100%) | |