Chronological summary of investigations included in the meta-analyses of effects of plyometric training on vertical jump height
| Study (first author) | Age (years) | Fitness | Sample size | Exercise intervention | Change in vertical jump height | Quality score* | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLYOM/F | CONM/F | Duration (week) | Sessions (n) | Type of exercise | Foot contacts (n) | Effect size (SE) | 95% CI | % change (SE) | 95% CI | |||||||
| A, athletes; CMJ, countermovement jump; CMJA, countermovement jump with the arms swing; CMJT, countermovement jump exercise; COMB, combination of various jump exercises; CON, control group; DJ, drop jump; DJT, drop jump exercise; F, females; M, males; N-A, non-athletes; NA, not applicable; PLYO, plyometric group; SJ, squat jump. | ||||||||||||||||
| *Total score of each study on the PEDro 11-point quality scale. | ||||||||||||||||
| †Studies excluded from meta-analysis as outliers. | ||||||||||||||||
| SJ | ||||||||||||||||
| Wilson7 | 23 | N-A | 13/0 | 14/0 | 10 | 20 | DJT | 720 | 0.48 (0.39) | –0.29 to 1.24 | 6.7 (5.4) | –3.9 to 17.3 | 5 | |||
| Holcomb28 | 20 | N-A | 10/0 | 9/0 | 8 | 24 | DJT | 1728 | 0.95 (0.48) | 0.00 to 1.90 | 7.3 (3.5) | 0.4 to 14.2 | 5 | |||
| Holcomb28 | 20 | N-A | 10/0 | 9/0 | 8 | 24 | DJT | 1728 | 0.38 (0.46) | –0.53 to 1.29 | 3.3 (4.0) | –4.5 to 11.1 | 5 | |||
| Holcomb28 | 20 | N-A | 10/0 | 9/0 | 8 | 24 | CMJT | 1728 | 0.74 (0.48) | –0.19 to 1.67 | 6.4 (4.0) | –1.4 to 14.2 | 5 | |||
| Gehri23 | 20 | N-A | 5/6 | 5/5 | 12 | 24 | DJT | 704 | 0.54 (0.44) | –0.33 to 1.41 | 10.8 (8.7) | –6.2 to 27.7 | 5 | |||
| Gehri23 | 20 | N-A | 4/3 | 5/5 | 12 | 24 | CMJT | 704 | 0.23 (0.49) | –0.74 to 1.20 | 5.1 (10.8) | –16.1 to 26.3 | 5 | |||
| Young33 | 26 | N-A | 5/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 468 | –0.22 (0.56) | –1.31 to 0.88 | –1.7 (4.4) | –10.2 to 6.9 | 4 | |||
| Young33 | 26 | N-A | 11/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 468 | –0.43 (0.45) | –1.32 to 0.46 | –3.7 (3.9) | –11.2 to 3.9 | 4 | |||
| Diallo25 | 13 | A | 10/0 | 10/0 | 10 | 30 | COMB | 7500 | 1.14 (0.48) | 0.19 to 2.09 | 14.3 (4.9) | 4.7 to 23.9 | 3 | |||
| Turner31 | 29 | N-A | 4/6 | 4/4 | 6 | 18 | COMB | 1599 | 0.00 (0.47) | –0.93 to 0.93 | 0.0 (6.3) | –12.3 to 12.3 | 5 | |||
| Tricoli27 | 20 | N-A | 8/0 | 7/0 | 6 | 12 | DJT | 2028 | 0.46 (0.52) | –0.57 to 1.49 | 3.6 (4.1) | –4.3 to 11.6 | 4 | |||
| Herrero30 | 21 | N-A | 9/0 | 10/0 | 10 | 20 | COMB | 1580 | –0.31 (0.46) | –1.21 to 0.60 | –3.8 (5.7) | –15.0 to 7.4 | 5 | |||
| †Kotzomanidis17 | 11 | N-A | 15/0 | 15/0 | 10 | 20 | COMB | 1520 | 2.77 (0.51) | 1.77 to 3.77 | 39.3 (5.2) | 29.2 to 49.5 | 4 | |||
| Markovic14 | 20 | N-A | 30/0 | 33/0 | 4 | 16 | COMB | 1580 | 1.03 (0.27) | 0.50 to 1.55 | 7.1 (1.8) | 3.7 to 10.6 | 5 | |||
| Overall mean | 21 | NA | ∼10/1 | ∼11/1 | 8 | 22 | NA | 1718 | 0.44 (0.15) | 0.15 to 0.72 | 4.7 (1.5) | 1.8 to 7.6 | NA | |||
| CMJ | ||||||||||||||||
| Brown21 | 15 | A | 13/0 | 13/0 | 12 | 34 | DJT | 1020 | 0.73 (0.41) | –0.06 to 1.52 | 5.0 (2.7) | –0.3 to 10.3 | 5 | |||
| Wilson7 | 23 | N-A | 13/0 | 14/0 | 10 | 20 | DJT | 720 | 0.54 (0.39) | –0.23 to 1.31 | 7.8 (5.5) | –3.0 to 18.6 | 5 | |||
| Holcomb28 | 20 | N-A | 10/0 | 9/0 | 8 | 24 | DJT | 1728 | 1.19 (0.50) | 0.22 to 2.17 | 9.4 (3.6) | 2.3 to 16.5 | 5 | |||
| Holcomb28 | 20 | N-A | 10/0 | 9/0 | 8 | 24 | DJT | 1728 | 0.80 (0.48) | –0.13 to 1.74 | 6.7 (3.9) | –0.8 to 14.3 | 5 | |||
| Holcomb28 | 20 | N-A | 10/0 | 9/0 | 8 | 24 | CMJT | 1728 | 0.87 (0.48) | –0.07 to 1.82 | 6.9 (3.6) | –0.2 to 14.1 | 5 | |||
| Wilson6 | 22 | N-A | 14/0 | 13/0 | 8 | 16 | DJT | 900 | 1.18 (0.42) | 0.36 to 1.99 | 12.2 (4.0) | 4.4 to 20.0 | 5 | |||
| Gehri23 | 20 | N-A | 5/6 | 5/5 | 12 | 24 | DJT | 704 | 0.51 (0.44) | –0.36 to 1.38 | 10.8 (9.2) | –7.3 to 28.8 | 5 | |||
| Gehri23 | 20 | N-A | 4/3 | 5/5 | 12 | 24 | CMJT | 704 | 0.46 (0.50) | –0.52 to 1.44 | 9.0 (9.6) | –9.9 to 27.9 | 5 | |||
| Diallo25 | 13 | A | 10/0 | 10/0 | 10 | 30 | COMB | 7500 | 1.99 (0.55) | 0.92 to 3.06 | 20.0 (4.5) | 11.2 to 28.8 | 5 | |||
| Matavulj20 | 15 | A | 11/0 | 11/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 540 | 1.73 (0.50) | 0.75 to 2.70 | 15.6 (3.9) | 8.1 to 23.2 | 5 | |||
| Matavulj20 | 15 | A | 11/0 | 11/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 540 | 1.54 (0.49) | 0.59 to 2.49 | 13.8 (3.8) | 6.3 to 21.3 | 5 | |||
| Spurrs24 | 25 | A | 8/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 15 | COMB | 2064 | 1.41 (0.54) | 0.35 to 2.48 | 18.2 (6.3) | 5.9 to 30.5 | 5 | |||
| Turner31 | 29 | N-A | 4/6 | 4/4 | 6 | 18 | COMB | 1599 | 0.38 (0.48) | –0.55 to 1.32 | 4.8 (5.9) | –6.8 to 16.3 | 5 | |||
| Canavan1 | 20 | N-A | 0/10 | 0/10 | 6 | 18 | COMB | NA | 0.35 (0.45) | –0.54 to 1.23 | 2.9 (3.8) | –4.5 to 10.3 | 4 | |||
| Lehance29 | 23 | N-A | 10/0 | 10/0 | 6 | 12 | DJT | 640 | 1.86 (0.54) | 0.81 to 2.91 | 17.8 (4.3) | 9.4 to 26.1 | 5 | |||
| Tricoli27 | 20 | N-A | 8/0 | 7/0 | 6 | 12 | DJT | 2028 | 0.68 (0.53) | –0.36 to 1.73 | 4.5 (3.4) | –2.2 to 11.2 | 4 | |||
| Herrero30 | 21 | N-A | 10/0 | 10/0 | 4 | 16 | COMB | 1520 | –0.03 (0.45) | –0.90 to 0.85 | –0.3 (5.1) | –10.2 to 9.7 | 5 | |||
| Kato72 | 21 | N-A | 0/18 | 0/18 | 24 | 60 | CMJT | 720 | 0.50 (0.34) | –0.17 to 1.16 | 5.6 (3.7) | –1.7 to 12.9 | 5 | |||
| Markovic14 | 20 | N-A | 30/0 | 33/0 | 10 | 30 | COMB | 1800 | 0.92 (0.27) | 0.40 to 1.45 | 6.4 (1.8) | 3.0 to 9.9 | 5 | |||
| Overall mean | 20 | NA | ∼10/2 | ∼10/2 | 9 | 23 | NA | 1566 | 0.88 (0.12) | 0.64 to 1.11 | 8.7 (0.9) | 7.0 to 10.4 | NA | |||
| CMJA | ||||||||||||||||
| Blattner19 | 20 | N-A | 11/0 | 15/0 | 8 | 24 | DJT | 720 | 1.11 (0.43) | 0.27 to 1.94 | 8.5 (3.0) | 2.5 to 14.4 | 3 | |||
| Dvir18 | 24 | N-A | 8/0 | 8/0 | 8 | 24 | DJT | 720 | 1.86 (0.60) | 0.68 to 3.03 | 13.0 (3.5) | 6.1 to 19.8 | 4 | |||
| Dvir18 | 24 | N-A | 8/0 | 8/0 | 8 | 24 | CMJT | 720 | 0.58 (0.51) | –0.42 to 1.59 | 6.9 (5.9) | –4.7 to 18.4 | 4 | |||
| Brown21 | 15 | A | 13/0 | 13/0 | 12 | 34 | DJT | 1020 | 1.01 (0.42) | 0.19 to 1.82 | 6.0 (2.3) | 1.4 to 10.5 | 5 | |||
| Hortobagyi73 | 13 | N-A | 15/0 | 10/0 | 10 | 20 | COMB | 2600 | 0.76 (0.42) | –0.07 to 1.59 | 6.1 (3.2) | –0.3 to 12.4 | 5 | |||
| Hortobagyi73 | 13 | N-A | 15/0 | 10/0 | 10 | 20 | COMB | 2600 | 1.14 (0.44) | 0.28 to 2.00 | 12.1 (4.3) | 3.6 to 20.6 | 5 | |||
| Wagner66 | 17 | A | 20/0 | 20/0 | 6 | 12 | COMB | 1080 | 0.31 (0.32) | –0.32 to 0.93 | 2.2 (2.3) | –2.2 to 6.7 | 4 | |||
| Wagner66 | 17 | N-A | 20/0 | 20/0 | 6 | 12 | COMB | 1080 | 0.45 (0.32) | –0.18 to 1.08 | 2.7 (1.9) | –1.0 to 6.4 | 4 | |||
| Young33 | 26 | N-A | 5/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 468 | 0.46 (0.56) | –0.64 to 1.57 | 4.3 (5.2) | –5.9 to 14.4 | 4 | |||
| Young33 | 26 | N-A | 11/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 468 | 0.16 (0.45) | –0.72 to 1.05 | 1.6 (4.5) | –7.2 to 10.5 | 4 | |||
| Fatouros22 | 21 | N-A | 11/0 | 10/0 | 12 | 36 | COMB | 5480 | 1.29 (0.48) | 0.35 to 2.23 | 10.3 (3.5) | 3.4 to 17.1 | 5 | |||
| Miler32 | 22 | N-A | 5/8 | 9/5 | 8 | 16 | COMB | 1600 | –0.01 (0.39) | –0.77 to 0.74 | –0.2 (6.2) | –12.3 to 11.9 | 5 | |||
| Irmischer74 | 24 | N-A | 0/14 | 0/14 | 9 | 18 | COMB | 2952 | 0.60 (0.39) | –0.15 to 1.36 | 5.7 (3.6) | –1.3 to 12.7 | 5 | |||
| Lehance29 | 22 | N-A | 10/0 | 10/0 | 8 | 24 | COMB | 640 | 1.75 (0.53) | 0.72 to 2.78 | 15.8 (4.0) | 7.9 to 23.7 | 5 | |||
| Overall mean | 20 | NA | ∼11/2 | ∼11/1 | 8 | 21 | NA | 1582 | 0.74 (0.14) | 0.47 to 1.02 | 7.5 (1.7) | 4.2 to 10.8 | NA | |||
| DJ | ||||||||||||||||
| Gehri23 | 20 | N-A | 5/6 | 5/5 | 12 | 24 | DJT | 704 | 0.61 (0.45) | –0.27 to 1.48 | 10.1 (7.3) | –4.2 to 24.3 | 5 | |||
| Gehri23 | 20 | N-A | 4/3 | 5/5 | 12 | 24 | CMJT | 704 | 0.44 (0.50) | –0.54 to 1.41 | 8.6 (9.7) | –10.5 to 27.6 | 5 | |||
| Young33 | 26 | N-A | 5/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 468 | 0.94 (0.59) | –0.21 to 2.09 | 9.0 (5.3) | –1.4 to 19.4 | 4 | |||
| Young33 | 26 | N-A | 11/0 | 9/0 | 6 | 18 | DJT | 468 | 0.71 (0.46) | –0.20 to 1.61 | 7.4 (4.7) | –1.9 to 16.7 | 4 | |||
| Chimera26 | 20 | A | 0/8 | 0/8 | 6 | 12 | COMB | 1950 | 0.47 (0.51) | –0.53 to 1.46 | 3.7 (4.0) | –4.1 to 11.5 | 5 | |||
| Kyrolainen68† | 24 | N-A | 13/0 | 10/0 | 15 | 30 | COMB | 7800 | 2.08 (0.52) | 1.06 to 3.10 | 31.8 (6.4) | 19.2 to 44.4 | 4 | |||
| Lehance29† | 22 | N-A | 10/0 | 10/0 | 8 | 24 | COMB | 640 | 2.36 (0.58) | 1.22 to 3.5 | 25.4 (4.8) | 16.0 to 34.8 | 5 | |||
| Overall mean | 23 | NA | ∼7/2 | ∼7/3 | 9 | 21 | NA | 1819 | 0.62 (0.22) | 0.18 to 1.05 | 4.7 (2.0) | 0.8 to 8.6 | NA | |||