Total (N = 428) | |
Negative (no abnormalities), n (%) | 371 (87) |
Positive (abnormal), n (%) | 57 (13) |
Family and personal history, numbers (%)* | 23 (5) |
A positive family history of sudden cardiac death (<50 years) and/or cardiovascular disease | 13* |
Palpitations | 11* |
Exertional chest pain/discomfort | 6* |
Dizziness and/or (near) syncope | 4* |
Dyspnoea and/or unexplained tiredness | 4* |
Physical examination, n (%) | 11 (3) |
Heart murmur | 8 |
Hypertension | 3 |
ECG, n (%) | 36 (8) |
*The total of these numbers (38) is higher than 23 because a number of athletes had more than one abnormality in their family and personal history. ECG, electrocardiogram.