Concentrations of plasma PGE2 and both plasma and salivary (sal) MPO and cytokines in the Difflam and placebo groups pre-race and post-race
| Group | Concentration | Outcome statistics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | % Change | p Value | ES (90% CI) | Descriptor | ||
| PGE2 (pg ml−1) | DIF | 230.6 (139%) | 390.8 (74%) | 70 | 0.02 | 0.71 (0.47) | Small–moderate |
| PLA | 259.9 (149%) | 293.8 (142%) | 13 | 0.63 | 0.13 (0.54) | Unclear | |
| MPO (ng ml−1) | DIF | 75.0 (61%) | 318.9 (89%) | 325 | <0.001 | 2.54 (0.47) | Very large |
| PLA | 71.7 (62%) | 271.9 (63%) | 280 | <0.001 | 2.69 (0.54) | Very large | |
| IL6 (pg ml−1) | DIF | 2.1 (195%) | 19.3 (54%) | 841 | <0.001 | 2.66 (0.47) | Very large |
| PLA | 2.0 (105%) | 15.7 (73%) | 696 | <0.001 | 3.18 (0.53) | Very large | |
| IL8 (pg ml−1) | DIF | 2.9 (75%) | 13.7 (39%) | 366 | <0.001 | 3.28 (0.47) | Very large |
| PLA | 3.2 (66% | 12.9 (61%) | 306 | <0.001 | 2.78 (0.5) | Very large | |
| IL10 (pg ml−1) | DIF | 1.8 (88%) | 26.2 (99%) | 1337 | <0.001 | 3.98 (0.48) | Very large |
| PLA | 2.0 (49% | 21.6 (102%) | 980 | <0.001 | 4.04 (0.55) | Very large | |
| IL1ra (pg ml−1) | DIF | 41.3 (108%) | 126.8 (55%) | 207 | <0.001 | 1.83 (0.47) | Large to very large |
| PLA | 36.9 (60%) | 102.6 (49%) | 178 | <0.001 | 2.29 (0.54) | Large to very large | |
| salMPO (ng ml−1) | DIF | 304 (181%) | 827 (97% | 172 | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.47) | Moderate to large |
| PLA | 459 (143%) | 744 (126%) | 72 | 0.09 | 0.56 (0.54) | Trivial to moderate | |
| salIL6 (pg ml−1) | DIF | 1.2 (207%) | 3.0 (150%) | 156 | 0.003 | 0.90 (0.49) | Small to large |
| PLA | 1.3 (197%) | 2.3 (116%) | 62 | 0.09 | 0.56 (0.54) | Trivial to moderate | |
CI, confidence interval; ES, effect size.
Concentrations are back-transformed means (CV %). Outcome statistics relate to the percentage change in concentrations from pre-race to post-race.