Participants | Training protocol | Peak VO2 (l/min) | Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Experimental (E) | Control (C) | Frequency (per week) | Intensity | Duration | Length (weeks) | Type | Pre | Post | Change % | Pre | Post | Change % |
Lussier and Buskirk90 | n = 16 11 B, 5 G, 10.3 y | n = 10 9 B 1 G, 10.5 y | 4 | 92% maxHR | 45 min | 12 | Continuous running and games | E 1.76 C 1.83 | 1.96 1.96 | 11.4 7.1 | 55.6 53.1 | 59.4 53.9 | 6.8* 1.5 |
Gilliam and Freedson91 | n = 11 B & G, 8.5 y | n = 12 B & G, 8.5 y | 4 | HR at 165 beats/min | 25 min | 12 | Enhanced PE programme | E 1.29 C 1.34 | 1.34 1.4 | 3.9 4.5 | 43.4 40.5 | 42.9 40.9 | −1.2NS 1.0 |
Becker and Vaccaro92 | n = 11 B, 9.6 y | n = 11 B, 10.0 y | 3 | 50% of the way between AT and peak VO2 | 40 min | 8 | Continuous cycling | E – C – | – – | – – | 39.0 41.7 | 47.0 44.0 | 20.5 NS 5.5 |
Savage et al93† | E1 n = 12 B, 8.0 y E2 n = 8 B, 8.5 y | n = 10 B, 9.0 y | 3 | E1 85% max HR E2 68% max HR | 2.4 – 4.8 km | 10 | Interval running | E1 – E2 - C – | – – – | – – – | 55.9 52.2 57.0 | 58.5 54.6 55.7 | 4.7* 4.6 NS −2.3 |
Mc Manus et al94* | E1 n = 12 G, 9.3 y E2 n = 11 G, 9.8 y | n = 7 G, 9.6 y | 3 | E1 80–85% max HR E2 max sprints | E1 20 min E2 8 – 16 min | 8 | E1 continuous cycling E2 interval running | E1 1.30 E2 1.54 C 1.49 | 1.43 1.67 1.46 | 10.0 8.4 -2.0 | 45.4 48.3 44.9 | 48.7 50.3 43.8 | 7.3* 4.1* −2.4 |
Welsman et al95† | E1 n = 18 G, 10.1 y E2 n = 17 G, 10.2 y | n = 16 G, 10.2 y | 3 | E1 80% max HR E2 75–80% max HR | 20 min 20 – 25 min | 8 | E1 continuous cycling E2 aerobics and circuit training | E1 1.76 E2 1.58 C 1.72 | 1.79 1.61 1.72 | 1.7 1.9 0.0 | 51.8 47.0 46.2 | 52.2 47.8 45.9 | 0.7 NS 1.7 NS −0.6 |
Tolfrey et al96† | n = 12 B, 10.6 y n = 14 G, 10.6 y | n = 10 B, 10.3 y n = 9 G, 10.5 y | 3 | 80% max HR | 30 min | 12 | Continuous cycling | EB 1.60 EG 1.36 CB 1.62 CG 1.52 | 1.66 1.54 1.65 1.52 | 3.8 13.2 1.9 0.0 | 46.6 39.3 50.7 44.7 | 47.2 42.4 50.3 43.0 | 1.3 NS 7.9 NS −0.1 −3.8 |
Williams et al97† | E1 n = 13 B, 10.1 y E2 n = 12 B, 10.1 y | n = 14 B, 10.1 y | 3 | E1 80 – 85% max HR E2 max sprints | E1 20 min E2 6 – 8 min | 8 | E1 continuous cycling E2 interval running | E1 1.80 E2 1.84 C 1.92 | 1.93 1.91 1.97 | 7.2 3.8 2.6 | 54.7 54.8 56.4 | 57.5 56.2 56.7 | 5.1 NS 2.6 NS 0.5 |
Mandigout et al98† | n = 18 B, 10.7 y n = 17 G, 10.5 y | n = 28 B, 10.5 y n = 22 G, 10.5 y | 3 | 75 – 80% max HR continuous 90% max HR interval | 15 – 20 min continuous 60 – 90 min interval | 13 | Continuous and interval running aerobic activities | EB 1.70 EG 1.30 CB 1.60 CG 1.40 | 1.84 1.57 1.70 1.50 | 8.2 20.7 6.2 7.4 | 47.2 38.6 46.1 39.6 | 49.2 41.9 45.5 39.5 | 4.2* 8.5* −1.3 0.2 |
Baquet et al99† | n = 13 B n = 20 G 9.5 y | n = 10 B n = 10 G 9.9 y | 2 | 80 – 95 % max HR | 30 min | 7 | Interval running | E 1.54 C 1.62 | 1.68 1.62 | 9.1 0.0 | 43.9 46.2 | 47.5 45.3 | 8.2* −1.9 |
Obert et al59 | n = 9 B, 10.5 y n = 10 G, 10.4 y | n = 9 B, 10.7 y n = 7 G, 10.7 y | 3 | 80% max HR continous 90% max HR interval | 60 min | 13 | Continuous and interval running | EB – EG – CB – CG – | – – – – | – – – – | 44.1 40.9 51.5 42.4 | 50.9 44.2 50.3 42.6 | 15.4* 8.1* −2.3 0.5 |
McManus et al100 | E1 n = 10 B, 10.4y E2 n = 10 B, 10.4 y | n = 15 B 10.5 y | 3 | E1 85% max HR E2 max sprints | 20 min | 8 weeks | E1 continuous cycling E2 interval cycling | E1 1.65 E2 1.76 C 1.59 | 1.72 1.96 1.57 | 4.2 11.4* −0.1 | 47.0 45.5 44.7 | 50.7 50.7 45.4 | 7.8* 11.4* −0.2 |
Gamelin et al101† | n = 22 12 B 10 G, 9.8 y | n = 16 7 B 9 G, 9.3 y | 3 | 100 – 120% of MAV (ie, 80–90% max HR) | 30 min | 7 | Interval running | E – C – | – – | – – | 51.6 49.9 | 54.1 48.7 | 4.8* −2.4 |
Obert et al102 | n = 25 14 B 11 G, 9-11 y | n = 25 13 B 12 G, 9-11 y | 3 | 100–130% of MAV | 25–30 min | 8 | Interval running | E – C – | – – | – – | 51.6 50.3 | 55.0 50.5 | 6.6* −0.4 |
Massicotte and Macnab74 | 3 groups n = 9 B in each, 12.5 y | n = 9 B, 12.5 y | 3 | E1 HR at 170 – 180 beats/min E2 HR at 150 – 160 beats/min E3 HR at 130 – 140 beats/min | 12 min | 6 | Continuous cycling | E1 2.00 E2 1.80 E3 1.70 C 2.00 | 2.30 1.90 1.80 1.90 | 15.0 5.6 5.9 −5.0 | 46.7 47.4 46.6 45.7 | 51.8 48.0 48.2 44.2 | 10.8* 1.3 NS 3.4 NS −3.3 |
Stewart and Gutin103 | n = 13 B, 10 – 12 y | n = 11 B, 10 – 12 y | 4 | 90% of max HR | 14 – 21 min | 8 | Interval running | E – C – | – – | – – | 49.8 48.4 | 49.5 49.2 | -0.6 NS 1.7 |
Burkett et al104 | n = 10 G, 15.6 y | n = 9 G, 15.6 y | 5 | 70% of max HR continuous 90% of max HR interval | Started at 9.7 km/week up to 32.2 km/week | 20 | Continuous and interval running | E – C – | – – | – – | 45.1 43.2 | 49.4 43.2 | 9.3* 0.0 |
Mahon and Vaccaro105 | n = 8 B, 12.4 y | n = 8 B, 12.3 y | 4 | 70 – 80% max HR continuous 90 – 100% peak VO2, 135% HR At VT interval | 20 – 30 min continuous 100 – 800 m (from 1.5 to 2.5 km) interval | 8 | Continuous and interval running | E 1.87 C 1.77 | 2.04 1.84 | 9.1 4.0 | 45.9 45.4 | 49.4 45.9 | 7.6* 1.1 |
Rowland and Boyajian106† | n = 13 B, n = 24 G, 10.9 – 12.8 y | n = 13 B, n = 24 G, 10.9 – 12.8 y | 3 | HR at 153 – 184 beats/min | 20 – 30 min | 12 | Aerobic circuit training distance running/walking games, basketball | E 2.02 C 1.96 | 2.24 2.02 | 10.9 0.1 | 44.7 44.3 | 47.6 44.7 | 6.5* 0.9 |
Rowland et al107† | n = 9 B, n = 20 G, 11.8 y | n = 9 B, n = 20 G, 11.8 y | 3 | 85–90% max HR | 30 min | 13 | Aerobic dance, step aerobics' distance running, circuit activities | EB 2.15 EG 1.81 CB 2.08 CG 1.46 | 2.29 1.97 2.15 1.81 | 6.5 8.8 3.4 24.0 | 45.4 43.9 45.3 43.7 | 48.2 46.1 45.4 43.9 | 6.1 NS 5.0 NS 0.2 0.4 |
Stoedefalke et al108† | n = 20 G, 13.6 y | n = 18 G, 13.7 y | 3 | 75–85% max HR | 20 min | 20 | Treadmill running, cycle and rowing ergometry, stair stepping, aerobic dance | E 2.25 C 2.39 | 2.32 2.45 | 3.1 NS 2.5 | – – | – – | – – |
NS indicates not significantly different from pretraining value (p ≥ 0.05).
↵* Indicates significantly different from pretraining value (p≤ 0.05).
↵† Maturity assessed.
The table is formed from tables in Armstrong and Barker.78
AT, anaerobic threshold; B, boys; C, control group; E, exercise group; G, girls; HR, heart rate; MAV, maximal aerobic velocity; VT, ventilation threshold.