Impact of ethnicity upon cardiac structure and function in athletes with a BSA>2.3m2 (mean±SD; range)
| West-Asian | Black African | Caucasian | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N=31 | N=45 | N=23 | |
| Height (cm) | 189±8 (170–206) | 201±7 (182–217) | 199±7 (180–210) |
| Body mass (kg) | 109±14 (91–150) | 105±12 (85–156) | 101±8 (87–117) |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.4±0.1 (2.3–2.6) | 2.4±0.1 (2.3–3.0) | 2.4±0.1 (2.3–2.6) |
| Aortic diameter (mm) | 30±2 (25–33) | 30±2 (26–35) | 30±2 (26–34) |
| LA (mm) | 37±4 (30–45) | 37±4 (28–45) | 37±4 (29–48) |
| LA area (mm2) | 22±3 (14–30) | 23±3 (16–29) | 22±4 (14–33) |
| LA volume (ml) | 61±15 (23–91) | 71±16** (36–103) | 60±18 (31–98) |
| Right atrial area (mm2) | 19±4 (12–28) | 21±3** (12–28) | 19±3 (13–24) |
| Interventricular septum thickness in diastole (mm) | 10±1 (7–12) | 11±1* (8–13) | 10±1 (7–13) |
| LVID in diastole (mm) | 60±1*** (48–60) | 57±1 (50–63) | 58±1 (54–63) |
| Posterior wall thickness in diastole (mm) | 9±0.2 (7–12) | 10±0.2* (7–13) | 9±0.2 (8–10) |
| LVID in systole (mm) | 39±5 (28–46) | 40±5 (26–50) | 41±3 (36–46) |
| LV end diastolic volume (ml) | 147±32 (88–236) | 157±24 (109–209) | 161±36 (120–271) |
| LVE end systolic volume (ml) | 48±12 (22–76) | 51±10 (34–75) | 54±16 (30–111) |
| LV mass (g) | 208±33 (140–276) | 236±43** (146–348) | 217±27 (164–266) |
*Significant difference between Black athletes versus West-Asian and Caucasian athletes (p<0.05).
**Significant difference between Black athletes versus West-Asian athletes (p<0.05).
***Significant difference between West-Asian athletes versus Caucasian athletes (p<0.05).
LA, left atrial diameter; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter.