Brachial, structure and function and carotid structure in athletes, recreationally active controls and HCM patients
| Athletes (n=18) | Controls (n=10) | HCM (n=18) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular | ||||
| Brachial diameter (mm) | 4.6±0.6 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.3±0.9 | 0.171 |
| Brachial max diameter iEx test (mm) | 5.2±0.8 | 4.6±0.7 | 4.8±0.7 | 0.114 |
| Brachial WT (µm) | 345±80*† | 460±34 | 456±76 | <0.001 |
| Brachial W:L ratio | 0.07±0.02*† | 0.10±0.01 | 0.10±0.03 | <0.001 |
| Brachial FMD% | 5.1±1.9 | 5.3±1.2 | 6.9±4.1 | 0.154 |
| Brachial shear rate (s, 103) | 16615±8098 | 17440±5701 | 18154±10066 | 0.875 |
| Brachial peak BF (ml/min) | 998±515 | 592±148 | 725±248 | 0.041 |
| Carotid diameter (mm) | 6.8±0.5 | 6.9±0.7 | 6.9±0.7 | 0.724 |
| Carotid WT (µm) | 519±60*† | 602±55 | 586±102 | 0.016 |
| Carotid W:L ratio | 0.08±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.097 |
Data are mean±SD.
BF, blood flow; FMD, flow-mediated dilator function; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; iEx, ischaemic handgrip exercises; W:L, vessel wall to lumen ratio; WT, wall thickness.
Significantly different when post hoc tests are applied *compare to controls, †compared to HCM p<0.05.