Test, authors | Subjects | Age (mean, SD) | Gender | Pathology | Symptom Duration | SN/SP (95% CI) | LR+/LR- | Q | Criterion standard SN/SP (95% CI) | Reliability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FABER Test – Intra-Articular Pathology | ||||||||||
Maslowski et al39 | 50 subjects | 60.2 years | 30 F | Variable: labral tear; FAI, arthritic changes, AVN | NR | 81 (57 to 96)/25 (9 to 48) | 1.1/0.72 | 7 | NR | NR |
Martin et al11 | 105 subjects | 42, 15 years | 24 F | Variable: labral tear, FAI, arthritic changes, dysplasia | 1.9 years (mean) | 60 (41 to 77)/18 (7 to 39) | 0.73/2.2 | 9 | MRA; 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Troelsen et al40 | 18 subjects | Range 32 to 56 years | 16 F | All had previous peri-acetabular osteotomy; all had dysplasia; post-op: labral tear | NR | 42 (NR)/75 (NR) | 1.7/0.77 | 9 | MRA; 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Scour Test | ||||||||||
Maslowski et al39 | 50 subjects | 60.2 years | 30 F | Variable: labral tear; FAI, arthritic changes, AVN | NR | 50 (26 to 74)/29 (12 to 51) | 0.70/1.72 | 7 | NR | NR |
Internal Rotation with Overpressure | ||||||||||
Maslowski et al39 | 50 subjects | 60.2 years | 30 F | Variable: labral tear; FAI, arthritic changes, AVN | NR | 91 (68 to 99)/18 (5 to 40) | 1.1/0.5 | 7 | NR | NR |
Resisted Straight Leg Raise Test | ||||||||||
Maslowski et al39 | 50 subjects | 60.2 years | 30 F | Variable: labral tear; FAI, arthritic changes, AVN | NR | 59 (34 to 82)/32 (14 to 55) | 0.87/1.28 | 7 | NR | NR |
Impingement (FADDIR) Test – Labral Tear/Intra-Articular Pathology | ||||||||||
Beaule et al41 | 30 subjects | 40.7 years | 13 F | FAI, labral tear | > 3 months | 100/all (+) (FAI); 99 (NR)/25 (NR) (labral tear) | NA/NA (FAI); 1.3/0.04 (labral tear) | 9 | MRA, 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72; CT scan, 92 to 97/87 to 100 78, 79 | NR |
Keeney et al43 | 101 subjects | 37.6 years | 71 F | Variable: Labral tear; chondral defect; synovitis | 21.6 months | 99 (NR)/5 (NR) | 1.0/0.2 | 8 | MRA, 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72; Arthroscopy; NA | NR |
Leunig et al42 | 23 subjects | 40.2 years | 14 F | Variable: Labral tear; dysplasia; arthritic changes | 3.5 years (mean) | 97 (NR)/13 (NR) | 1.1/0.23 | 7 | Surgery; NA | NR |
Martin et al11 | 105 subjects | 42.15 years | 24 F | Variable: labral tear, FAI, arthritic changes, dysplasia | 1.9 years (mean) | 78 (59 to 89)/10 (3 to 29) | 0.86/2.2 | 9 | MRA, 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Sink et al44 | 35 subjects | 16 years | 30 F | Variable: FAI, labral tear; cartilage damage | 3 months to 3 years | 100/all (+) (FAI); 97 (NR)/4 (NR) (labral tear) | NA/NA (FAI) 1.0/0.75 (labral tear) | 10 | MRI, 66 (59 to 73)/79 (67 to 91); MRA, 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Troelsen et al40 | 18 subjects | Range 32–56 years | 16 F | All had previous peri-acetabular osteotomy; all had dysplasia; post-op: labral tear | NR | 59 (NR)/75 (NR) | 2.4/0.55 | 9 | MRA, 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Impingement Provocation Test (Postero-Inferior Labrum Tear) | ||||||||||
Leunig et al42 | 23 subjects | 40, 2 years | 14 F | Variable: Labral tear; dysplasia; arthritic changes | 3.5 years (mean) | 97 (NR)/11 (NR) | 1.1/0.27 | 7 | Surgery; NA | NR |
Flexion-Internal Rotation Test | ||||||||||
Chan et al45 | 30 subjects | 41 years | 13 F | Variable: Labral tear; AVN | NR | 98 (NR)/8 (NR) | 1.1/0.25 | 11 | MRA 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Chan et al45 | 17 subjects | Subjects were a subset of above subjects (n=30) | 97 (NR)/25 (NR) | 1.3/0.12 | 11 | Arthroscopy; NA | NR | |||
Hase and Ueo46 | 10 subjects | 28.7 years | 7 F | Labral tear | 2.9 years (mean) | 94 (NR)/13 (NR) | 1.1/0.46 | 8 | Arthroscopy; NA | NR |
Petersilge et al47 | 10 subjects | 38.4 years | 5 F | Variable: labral tear, dysplasia, ganglion cyst | NR | 94 (NR)/17 (NR) | 1.1/0.35 | 9 | Arthroscopy; NA | NR |
Internal Rotation-Flexion-Axial Compression Test | ||||||||||
Narvani et al48 | 18 subjects | 30.5, 8.5 years | 5 F | Labral tear | NR | 75 (19 to 99)/43 (18 to 72) | 1.3/0.58 | 8 | MRA 87 (84 to 90)/64 (54 to 74) 72 | NR |
Thomas Test | ||||||||||
McCarthy and Busconi49 | 59 subjects | 37 years | 32 F | Variable: labral tear, synovitis, loose bodies, arthritic changes | NR | 89 (NR)/92 (NR) | 11.1/0.12 | 10 | Arthroscopy; NA | NR |
ARS, acetabular rim syndrome; AVN, avascular necrosis; F, female; OST, orthopaedic special tests; FABER, flexion, abduction, external rotation test; FADDIR, flexion-adduction-internal rotation impingement test; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR-, negative likelihood ratio; MRA, magnetic resonance angiogram; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; Q, Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies scores (QUADAS); SN, sensitivity (%); SP, specificity (%).