Table 1

Individual study summary

YearSportStudy N (M/F)Altitude type (N)Level (m)Duration (d)Time at altitudeEmbedded ImageO2max (mL/min/kg)Test mode (Ergometer)
2006 (13)Cycling11 (11/0 )LHTL (11)30002114 h/day65.32±5.29Cycle (lode bike)
2007 (14)Cycling9 (9/0)LHTH (5)
CON (4)
27002124 h/day72.16±4.66Cycle (lode bike)
2007 (17)Running32 (21/11)LHTL (18)
CON (14)
30002114 h/day71.60±6.05Run (treadmill)
2008 (18)Running17 (13/4)LHTL+TH (8)
IHT (9)
3000+2200
2200
21+9
9
14 h/day+60 min
60 min
67.91±7.47Run (treadmill)
2008 (19)Walking16 (8/8)LHTL (6)
CON (10)
30002114 h/d62.17±7.44Race walk (treadmill)
2009 (16)Triathlon18 (14/4)LHTL (5)
IHE (8)
CON (5)
3000
3500–6000
17
17
14 h/day
60 min
72.49±4.74Run (treadmill)
2010 (15)Cycling9 (0/9)LHTL (5)
CON ( 4)
30002614 h/day62.20±4.68Cycle (tode bike)
2011Walking10 (4/6)LHTH (5)
CON (5)
18502864.98±6.59Race walk (treadmill)
2011Walking6 (2/4)LHTL (3)
CON (3)
30002814 h/day60.73±6.60Race walk (treadmill)
2012Walking17 (12/5)LHTH (7)
LHTH (10)
3000/1350
1350
21
21
9 h/day/15 h/day
24 h/day
66.50±6.17Race walk (treadmill)
  • There were a total of 83 altitude athletes and 62 control athletes.

  • Embedded ImageO2max values means±SD.

  • CON, control; F, female; IHE, intermittent hypoxic exposure; IHT, intermittent hypoxic training; LHTL, live high–train low; LHTH, live high–train high; M, male.