Cardiac conditions identified
| Total | |
|---|---|
| Primary outcomes (associated with sudden cardiac death) | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Wolff-Parkinson-White | 5 (0.4%) |
| Secondary outcomes (requiring further evaluation and/or medical follow-up) | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Blood pressure | |
| Elevated blood pressure | 22 |
| Elevated blood pressure+mild concentric LVH | 3 |
| Elevated blood pressure+mild subaortic septal thickening | 1 |
| Valvular abnormality | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve with mild aortic valve insufficiency | 2 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 3 |
| Mitral valve prolapse with mitral regurgitation | 1 |
| Myxomatous mitral valve | 1 |
| Mild pulmonic stenosis | 1 |
| Left ventricular abnormality | |
| Dilated left ventricular chamber; LVEDD (6.5 cm)* | 1 |
| Mild concentric LVH (1.2 cm) | 1 |
| Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (1.2 cm)† | 1 |
| Abnormal septal wall motion | 1 |
| Small ventricular septal defect | 1 |
| Coronary arteries | |
| Possible dilated left main coronary artery+chest pain‡ | 1 |
| History of Kawasaki's disease; possible enlarged right coronary artery | 1 |
| Great vessels | |
| Prominent ascending aorta | 1 |
| Dilated main pulmonary artery | 1 |
| Personal history or symptoms | |
| History of Kawasaki's disease and atrial septal defect | 1 |
| Palpitations | 2 |
| Decrease in exercise tolerance, chest pain and racing heart | 1 |
| Family history | |
| Family history of LQTS (sister) | 1 |
| Family history of CPVT (father) | 1 |
| Family history of early sudden death | 1 |
| Other | |
| Low atrial tachycardia | 1 |
| Inappropriate sinus tachycardia | 1 |
| Total | 52 (3.9%) |
*Sixteen-year-old male wrestler with chest pain and elevated blood pressure; normal ECG; LVEDD 6.5 cm with low normal systolic function on echocardiography.
†Fifteen-year-old male baseball player with an abnormal ECG (Q waves); IVS thickness 1.2 cm, LVPW thickness 1.0; LVEDD 5.2; follow-up echocardiogram was normal showing a prominent moderator band which may have accounted for the septal hypertrophy.
‡Seventeen-year-old male football player; normal ECG; an otherwise normal echocardiogram.
CPVT, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; IVS, intraventricular septal; LQTS, long QT syndrome; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall.