Level of evidence | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1, mean (range) (%) | Level 2, mean (range) (%) | Level 3, mean (range) (%) | Level 4, mean (range) (%) | Level 5, mean (range) (%) | ||
SA-SD bursa | USGI | 100115 | 6591 | – | – | – |
LMGI | 82 (69–100)101 115 | 78 (29–90) 17 69 91 93 95 105 110 123 | – | – | – | |
BT sheath | USGI | 8799 | – | – | – | – |
LMGI | 2799 | – | – | – | – | |
FFT sheath | USGI | – | – | – | 10089 | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
FET sheath | USGI | – | – | – | 85 (70–0)89 108 | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | 15108 | – | |
ECUT sheath | USGI | – | – | – | 10089 | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
Obturator internus | USGI | – | 100118 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
Piriformis | USGI | – | 9597 | – | USGIs are accurate (rate not reported)117 | USGIs with EMG assistance are 100% accurate88 |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
Pes anserinus bursa | USGI | – | 9298 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | 1798 | – | – | – | |
Popliteus tendon sheath | USGI | – | 92 (83–100) 116 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
Achilles region | USGI | – | 10071 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
Peroneal tendon sheath | USGI | – | 100113 | – | 10089 | – |
LMGI | – | 60113 | – | – | – | |
FHL tendon sheath | USGI | – | 10071 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
TP tendon sheath | USGI | – | 10071 | – | 10089 | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – | |
SPC | USGI | – | 100114 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | 100114 | – | – | – | |
DPC | USGI | – | 88114 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | 90114 | – | – | – | |
Sinus tarsi | USGI | – | 9080 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | 3580 | – | – | – | |
Morton's neuroma | USGI | – | 10094 104 | – | – | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | –- | – | |
Bursa, tendon sheath, cyst, wound | USGI | – | – | – | USG aspirations are 100% accurate52 | – |
LMGI | – | – | – | – | – |
BT, biceps tendon; DPC, deep posterior compartment; ECUT, extensor carpi ulnaris tendon; FET, finger extensor tendon; FFT, finger flexor tendon; FHL, flexor hallucis longus; LMGI, landmark-guided injection; SA-SD, subacromial-subdeltoid; SPC, superficial posterior compartment; TP, tibialis posterior; USGI, ultrasound-guided injection.