Study and participant characteristics
| Study | Quality* | Country | n=(ACLD/ ACLR)† | Follow-up (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Mean age at follow-up (years) | Sex (% women) | Study design | QOL measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fithian et al42 | 13 | America | 113/96‡ | 7 (3–10) | NR | 45±11, 38±14, 37±14§ | 54, 61, 46§ | Prosp | SF-36 |
| Frobell et al10 | 21 | Sweden | 29/59 | 5 | 24±3¶ | 31±5¶ | 31 | RCT | KOOS, SF-36 |
| Hartwick et al41 | 11 | Canada | 17/0 | 12 (1–26) | 27 | 40±8 | 47 | CS | ACL-QOL |
| Lohmander et al32 | 15 | Sweden | 32/52 | 12 | 23 (18–40) | 31 (26–40) | 100 | Retro | KOOS, SF-36 |
| Meunier et al35 | 13 | Sweden | 36/0** | 15±1 | NR | 36 (29–45)‡¶ | 38 | Prosp | KOOS |
| Michalitsis et al38 | 14 | Greece | 32††/0 | 5±5 | 26 | 30 | 11 | CS | KOOS |
| Neuman et al34 | 18 | Sweden | 71/22‡‡ | 16±1‡ | 26±4‡ | 42±7‡ | 39‡ | Prosp | KOOS |
| Potter et al33 | 12 | America | 7/12†† | 7–11 | NR | 42±10¶ | 77 | Prosp | SF-36 |
| Swirtun and Renström39 | 13 | Sweden | 24/22 | 6±1 | NR | 32±8‡¶ | 48 | Prosp | KOOS |
| Tengman et al31 | 11 | Sweden | 37/33 | 23±1 | 29±5 | 48±6 | 38 | CS | KOOS |
| von Porat et al40 | 14 | Sweden | 65/89 | 14 | 26±2 | 40±6 | 0 | CS | KOOS, SF-36 |
All data are reported as range only, mean only, mean±SD, or mean (range).
*Quality appraisal scores range from 0 to 21 (worst to best quality).
†Number of eligible participants for which QOL outcomes were reported.
‡Included delayed ACL-reconstructed patients.
§Data reported separately for ACL-deficient patients grouped by risk level (low, moderate and high) based on baseline knee stability and sports participation.
¶Estimated using mean age from baseline and mean follow-up.
**n=42 had a surgical ACL repair, as opposed to ACL reconstruction.
††QOL data provided for a portion of total sample with >5-year follow-up.
‡‡All n=22 were delayed ACL reconstruction.
ACLD, anterior cruciate ligament deficient; ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed; BMI, body mass index; QOL, quality of life; NR, not reported; Prosp, prospective; RCT, randomised controlled trial; CS, cross-sectional; Retro, retrospective; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Score; SF-36, Short-Form 36.