Change in physical activity over three time points: baseline (age 9/10 years), +1 year (age 10/11 years) and +4 years (age 13/14 years)
| Sedentary (min) | Light intensity PA (min) | MVPA (min) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coefficient | 95% CI | p Value | β Coefficient | 95% CI | p Value | β Coefficient | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Home location | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 9.4 | 6.8 to 12.1 | <0.001 | −11.0 | −12.4 to −9.6 | <0.001 | −1.3 | −2.3 to 10.4 | 0.006 |
| Sex (reference category: boys) | |||||||||
| Girls | 13.1 | 8.8 to 17.4 | <0.001 | −7.2 | −9.8 to −4.6 | <0.001 | −17.0 | −18.9 to −15.2 | <0.001 |
| Home location (reference category: urban) | |||||||||
| Town/suburban | −14.7 | −57.7 to 28.2 | 0.501 | −6.8 | −30.0 to 16.3 | 0.563 | 15.7 | −0.6 to 32.0 | 0.059 |
| Rural | −36.6 | −76.6 to 3.4 | 0.073 | −21.0 | −42.5 to 0.5 | 0.056 | 29.7 | 14.5 to 44.9 | <0.001 |
| Age–home location interaction (reference category: urban) | |||||||||
| Town/suburban | 0.9 | −3.0 to 4.8 | 0.663 | 0.90 | −1.16 to 2.96 | 0.392 | −1.45 | −2.89 to −0.01 | 0.049 |
| Rural | 3.2 | −0.4 to 6.8 | 0.083 | 2.4 | 0.5 to 4.3 | 0.015 | −3.0 | −4.4 to −1.7 | <0.001 |
| Weight status | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 11.8 | 10.1 to 13.4 | <0.001 | −9.5 | −10.5 to −8.6 | <0.001 | −3.2 | −3.9 to −2.5 | <0.001 |
| Sex (reference category: boys) | |||||||||
| Girls | 12.8 | 8.5 to 17.1 | <0.001 | −7.1 | −9.7 to −4.5 | <0.001 | −16.7 | −18.5 to 2.3 | 0.143 |
| Weight status (reference category: normal weight) | |||||||||
| Overweight or obese | 56.3 | 19.6 to 92.9 | 0.003 | 14.4 | −4.5 to 33.3 | 0.136 | −17.5 | −3.9 to −2.5 | <0.001 |
| Age–weight status interaction (reference category: normal weight) | |||||||||
| Overweight or obese | −4.8 | −8.1 to −1.4 | 0.005 | −1.2 | −3.0 to 0.5 | 0.157 | 1.0 | −0.4 to 2.3 | 0.143 |
| Parental education | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 10.6 | 8.4 to 12.9 | <0.001 | −10.5 | −11.8 to −9.3 | <0.001 | −2.8 | −3.7 to −1.9 | <0.001 |
| Sex (reference category: boys) | |||||||||
| Girls | 13.2 | 8.9 to 17.5 | <0.001 | −7.1 | −9.6 to −4.5 | <0.001 | −17.0 | −18.9 to −15.2 | <0.001 |
| Parental education (reference category: ≤16 years) | |||||||||
| >16 years | 9.1 | −22.1 to 40.2 | 0.569 | −16.9 | −33.0 to −0.9 | 0.039 | −0.9 | −13.5 to 11.7 | 0.885 |
| Age–parental education interaction (reference category: ≤16 years) | |||||||||
| >16 years | −0.1 | −2.9 to 2.7 | 0.942 | 1.3 | −0.2 to 2.7 | 0.084 | −0.1 | −1.3 to 1.0 | 0.812 |
Results are from three level mixed effects linear regression with levels: age, individual and baseline school. Participants with ≥2 time points (n=990) are included in the models. Results are from models of activity outcomes derived for all days combined, and adjusted for sex. Interactions were tested for all models and presented where significant. β Coefficients represent the per year changes in the physical activity outcomes.
MVPA, moderate and vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity.