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Assessment of functional performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of measurement procedures

  • Knee
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the measurements that are used in clinical practice to assess the quantity and quality of functional performance in men and women more than 2 years after ACL reconstruction with bone patellar-tendon bone (BPTB) or semitendinosus/gracilis (STG) graft.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in Medline (Pubmed), EMBASE (OVID), the Cochrane Library and PEDro to identify relevant articles from 1990 up to 2010. Articles were included if they described functional performance after BPTB or STG reconstruction and had a follow-up of more than 2 years. Two authors screened the selected articles for title, abstract and full-text in accordance with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of all articles was assessed by checklists of the Cochrane Library by two authors. Only the articles with good methodological quality were considered for further analysis.

Results

A total of 27 studies were included by full-text. According to their methodological quality six were rated as good. Different authors used different study designs for muscle testing which led to different outcomes that could not be compared. Besides strength, a single-leg hop for distance was used as a measurement for quantity of functional performance. No measurements for quality of functional performance were reported.

Conclusions

Measurement of functional performance more than 2 years after ACL reconstruction consists of concentric or isometric strength, the single-leg hop for distance or a combination. The Limb Symmetry Index is used as the main outcome parameter to compare the involved leg with the uninvolved. In all studies the results of men and woman are combined. Based on our findings and previous studies that discussed additional important parameters a more extensive test battery to assess functional performance is suggested.

Level of evidence

III.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sport Medisch Centrum Papendal, Papendallaan 7, 6816 VD, Arnhem, The Netherlands

    Nicky Engelen-van Melick, Robert E. H. van Cingel & Marsha P. W. Tijssen

  2. Scientific Institute for Quality in Health Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 114, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Maria W. G. Nijhuis-van der Sanden

  3. Institute Health Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Kapittelweg 33, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Robert E. H. van Cingel

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  1. Nicky Engelen-van Melick
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Engelen-van Melick, N., van Cingel, R.E.H., Tijssen, M.P.W. et al. Assessment of functional performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of measurement procedures. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21, 869–879 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2030-6

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