Exercise during growth and bone mineral density and fractures in old age

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82020-6

The Lancet

Volume 355, Issue 9202, 5 February 2000, Pages 469-470

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82020-6 Get rights and content

Summary

If exercise is to be recommended during growth, benefits in bone mineral density (BMD) must be maintained in old age and shown to prevent fractures. Our cross-sectional study of soccer players suggests that a high BMD is no longer recorded after retirement and fracture frequency is no less than predicted in old age.

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Vigorous physical activity (VPA) has been proven to promote osteogenesis in adolescents; however the specifics of the optimal pattern of frequency and duration of VPA are unknown. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the associations of different length of VPA bouts with bone health.
180 healthy male adolescents (11–13 years) had their bone mineral content and density assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at the whole body, femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine and their physical activity measured by an accelerometer during one week.
VPA was the intensity with the strongest associations with bone mineral parameters especially at the FN. Subjects whose longest VPA bout was 5 min or above had higher FN bone mineral density (BMD) than those who did not complete any 5-min bout and these differences were greater with participants who reached 15 consecutive minutes of VPA (>15′: 0.977 ± 0.020 g/cm2; 5′-15′: 0.907 ± 0.009 g/cm2; <5′: 0.876 ± 0.009 g/cm2; all p < 0.05). When comparing the relevance of VPA bouts and volume of physical activity, the group with low volume and having a VPA bout had better FN BMD compared to the group with high volume but no VPA bout. Additionally, the group with both high volume and VPA bout showed better FN BMD than the rest of the groups.
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FTE had 7.3%–12.9% higher (p < 0.05) BMD of the femoral neck, wards, shaft, and total proximal femur in both legs compared to UE, and 9.3%–9.7% higher (p < 0.05) BMD in femoral trochanter in both legs compared to UY. FTY had 24.3%–37.4% higher (p < 0.001) BMD in all femoral regions and total proximal femur in both legs compared to UY. The whole-body DXA scan confirmed these results, with FTE showing similar whole-body BMD and 7.9% higher (p < 0.05) leg BMD compared to UY, and with FTY having 9.6% higher (p < 0.001) whole-body BMD and 18.2% higher (p < 0.001) leg BMD compared to UY. The plasma concentration of osteocalcin, CTX-1, and P1NP were 29%, 53%, and 52% higher (p < 0.01), respectively, in FTY compared to UY.
BMD of the proximal femur and whole-body BMD are markedly higher in lifelong trained male football players aged 65–80 years and young elite football players aged 18–30 years compared to age-matched untrained men. Elderly football players even show higher BMD in femoral trochanter and leg BMD than untrained young despite an age difference of 47 years.
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Research LettersExercise during growth and bone mineral density and fractures in old age

Summary

Preventing osteoporosis, falls and fractures among elderly people

BMJ

Can vigorous exercise play a role in osteoporosis prevention? A review

Osteoporosis Int

Research Letters
Exercise during growth and bone mineral density and fractures in old age