ResearchCurrent ResearchMetabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Diet and Physical Activity in US Adolescents
Section snippets
Methods
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) design is a stratified, multistage probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized US population. Approximately 9,965 people aged 2 months to 85 years were studied in the NHANES 1999-2000 survey period, and 11,039 in the 2001-2002 survey period. A subsample of more than 3,000 individuals from each survey period was invited to attend a morning examination after fasting overnight. Fully informed consent and child assent were
Results
Demographic characteristics associated with the metabolic syndrome among US adolescents are shown in Table 2. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents was 3.5% (confidence interval [CI]: 2.4% to 4.5%). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was considerably higher in male (5.1%) than in female adolescents (1.7%), and was more prevalent in whites (3.8%) than in blacks (2.0%) and Mexican Americans (3.3%). Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years (3.8%)
Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and lifestyle behaviors related to diet and physical activity in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. In this study, approximately 3.5% adolescents overall and 14.5% of overweight adolescents fulfilled our criteria for the metabolic syndrome, suggesting that nearly 1 million adolescents in the United States are currently affected. Within this work, we found that prevalence of
Conclusions
In conclusion, our study suggests that if metabolic syndrome in US youth is to be decreased, lifestyle changes in diet and physical activity should be the first-line intervention to be recommended. Because most adolescents with metabolic syndrome are overweight, interventions should be focused primarily on prevention of excess weight or weight reduction in overweight youth. Adolescents should be encouraged to consume diets high in fruits and vegetables, and to engage in moderate-to-vigorous
Y. Pan is a research assistant, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
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2023, Journal of Nutrition Education and BehaviorAssociation of diet quality, physical activity, and abdominal obesity with metabolic syndrome z-score in black and white adolescents in the US
2022, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Pan used NHANES data (1999–2002) to study MetS prevalence in association with diet and PA in adolescents. They found that higher HEI total and fruit scores (and a non-significant trend for greater PA) were associated with lower prevalence of MetS [25]. Likewise, Hooshmand studied a cross-sectional cohort (n = 424) of children and adolescents in Iran and found that those in the highest versus lowest quartiles of a modified HEI score had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.35 for incident MetS [24].
Association between dietary patterns with insulin resistance in an Iranian population
2020, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
Y. Pan is a research assistant, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
C. A. Pratt is program director, Division of Prevention and Population Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD.