Fourteen patients with nonexertional heatstroke were evaluated in a general hospital during the summer of 1980. They were managed according to a prospectively devised protocol designed to effect heat dissipation primarily via convection and evaporation rather than by conduction. The time from entry into the emergency room to the first recorded rectal temperature of less than 103 degrees F (39.4 degrees C) ranged from 34 to 89 minutes (median, 60 minutes). Only one patient died; none had residual neurologic deficits. The use of these methods can result in a low incidence of permanent neurologic impairment and a low fatality rate.