It should be evident from this discussion that there has been little research on gymnastics specifically. A great deal of applied work on the physiology of gymnastics needs to be explored. The bulk of research recently has been related to skill performance (biomechanics). The limited data indicated that the gymnast has the expected low aerobic capacity, due to the short time factor in competition. They are quite lean and muscular and extremely flexible about the hip and shoulders. Training for gymnastics should emphasize activities specifically related to the routine. Various methods can be used to reduce the fatigue that develops throughout the routine and improve performance of the activity. Supplemental strength training should be emphasized using multiple joint exercises.