Background: The critical lesion size treated with bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for
osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) has been 150 mm2 in area or 15 mm in diameter …

Ankle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injury, with an incidence of 30,000 per
day in the United States; 28, 35 40% of all athletic injuries involve the ankle. 12, 28 Most …

Heel pain is commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice. Establishing an accurate
diagnosis is critical, but it can be challenging due to the complex regional anatomy …

Background: Contracture of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex has well-documented
deleterious effects on lower-limb function in spastic or neurologically impaired individuals …

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the vascularity of the hip labrum and to
identify regional differences in vascular penetration that may have implications for the …

In the absence of bony deformity, ankle equinus is generally the result of shortening within
the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. Restriction of ankle dorsiflexion as a proxy for equinus …

Background: Joint arthrodesis employing autogenous bone graft (autograft) remains a
mainstay in the treatment of many foot and ankle problems. However, graft harvest can lead …

Background Gastrocnemius recession is a surgical technique commonly performed on
individuals who suffer from symptoms related to the restricted ankle dorsiflexion that results …

Osteonecrosis, also referred to as avascular necrosis, refers to the death of cells within bone
caused by a lack of circulation. It has been documented in bones throughout the body. In the …

The current minimum training standard for ortho-paedic surgeons in the United States
consists of a 5-year orthopaedic surgery residency program with the option to pursue …