In Europe, participation in physical activities has been growing among people of all ages. Thus, there is an increasing demand for care relating to “sports medicine”, and this has promoted the development of specialised sports physicians. Sports medicine involves a wide range of professionals taking care of an active population of recreational and competitive athletes upon different aspects: curative, rehabilitative and preventive. In light of a higher demand of expertise and sport-specific body of knowledge—such as a further development of the “doping phenomenon”—with all the related moral, legal and health implications, the sport physician has to deal with a more complex picture. As a result, the need to provide prevention at all levels has become one of the most important objectives of sports medicine. This article aims to give a brief overview of the state of this specialty in Europe and to describe definitions, scopes and educational perspectives of the Sport Medicine Specialty Training Core Curriculum to be adopted in the European Union (EU).