Article Text

Download PDFPDF
Changes in mechanical loading lead to tendonspecific alterations in MMP and TIMP expression: influence of stress deprivation and intermittent cyclic hydrostatic compression on rat supraspinatus and Achilles tendons
  1. G M Thornton1,2,
  2. X Shao1,
  3. M Chung1,
  4. P Sciore1,
  5. R S Boorman1,
  6. D A Hart1,
  7. I K Y Lo1
  1. 1McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
  2. 2Division of Orthopaedic Engineering Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  1. Correspondence to Gail M Thornton, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, 451A Heritage Medical Research Building, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1; gail.thornton{at}ucalgary.ca

Abstract

Background Tendinopathy commonly occurs in tendons with large in vivo loading demands like the Achilles tendon (AT) and supraspinatus tendon (SST). In addition to differences in their local anatomic environment, these tendons are designed for different loading requirements because of the muscles to which they attach, with the AT experiencing higher loads than the SST. One possible factor in the progression of tendinopathy is the interplay between mechanical loading and the regulation of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloprotienases (TIMPs)). Thus, overuse injuries may have different biological consequences in tendons designed for different in vivo loading demands.

Aim In this study, the tendon-specific regulation of MMP-13, MMP-3 and TIMP-2 expression in rat AT and SST exposed to two different mechanical environments was investigated.

Methods Rat AT and SST were exposed to stress deprivation (ie, detached from attachments) and intermittent cyclic hydrostatic compression (with attachments intact). Levels of MMP-13, MMP-3 and TIMP-2 mRNA were evaluated in time-zero control, attached, stressdeprived and “compressed” tendons.

Results Stress deprivation led to elevated expression of MMP-13, MMP-3 and TIMP-2 in both tendons, although the magnitude of the increase was greater for the SST than the AT. Intermittent cyclic hydrostatic compression of attached tendons increased expression of MMP-13 in the SST, but not the AT.

Conclusions The results of this study suggest that stress deprivation may be one contributor to the progression of tendinopathy in AT and SST, where the tendon designed for the lower in vivo loading demand (SST) was the most affected by a change in mechanical loading. The unique upregulation of MMP-13 with hydrostatic compression supports the impingement injury theory for rotator cuff tears.

Statistics from Altmetric.com

Request Permissions

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

Footnotes

  • Competing interests None.