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Sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs for assessment of dehydration in endurance athletes
  1. J McGarvey1,
  2. J Thompson2,
  3. C Hanna1,
  4. T D Noakes3,
  5. J Stewart4,
  6. D Speedy1
  1. 1Department of General Practice & Primary Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  2. 2Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  3. 3UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology at the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
  4. 4Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  1. Correspondence to Dr James McGarvey, Department of General Practice & Primary Care, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; drmcgarvey99{at}yahoo.com

Abstract

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of commonly used signs of dehydration in marathon runners.

Design The diagnostic accuracy of 5 clinical signs/symptoms thought to indicate dehydration (altered skin turgor, dry oral mucous membranes, sunken eyes, an inability to spit and the sensation of thirst) was assessed by comparing the presence of these markers with the criterion standard of body weight change over a marathon footrace.

Setting 2006 Auckland Marathon

Participants 606 competitors in the full marathon Assessment: Body weight was measured before and immediately after the marathon. The 5 clinical signs/symptoms were assessed immediately after the marathon.

Main outcome measures Diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs/symptoms to detect dehydration greater than 3% of body weight.

Results 606 complete data sets were obtained. 3 clinical signs were associated with greater percentage weight loss: sunken eyes (mean percentage weight loss with symptom 2.6% (standard deviation 1.5), without 2.3% (1.5)); decreased skin turgor (with 3.0% (1.4), without 2.3% (1.5)) and the sensation of thirst (with 2.5% (1.5), without 2.3% (1.5)). The ability to spit and dry oral mucous membranes were unrelated to percentage weight loss. No signs/symptoms showed acceptably high validity for detecting a weight loss equal to or greater than 3% of body weight.

Conclusions The 5 parameters (decreased skin turgor, sensation of thirst, sunken eyes, inability to spit and dry mucous membranes) tested in this study did not precisely identify runners with total weight loss.3% at the end of a marathon.

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Footnotes

  • Competing interests None.