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Infographic. Doping without drugs: how para-athletes may self-harm to boost performance

Authors

  • Cameron M Gee International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Tom E Nightingale International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Christopher R West International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Andrei V Krassioukov International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  1. Correspondence to Professor Andrei V Krassioukov, ICORD, UBC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; krassioukov{at}icord.org
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Citation

Gee CM, Nightingale TE, West CR, et al
Infographic. Doping without drugs: how para-athletes may self-harm to boost performance
British Journal of Sports Medicine 2021;55:937-938.

Publication history

  • Accepted April 13, 2020
  • First published May 7, 2020.
Online issue publication 
January 10, 2022

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.