Footnotes

• Contributors All authors contributed to the concept and writing of the manuscript. JE-K was responsible for extracting data and injury rate calculations for the NCAA studies.

• Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

• Competing interests None declared.

• Patient consent for publication Not required.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.