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Gender equality is a critical global issue, and one of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Despite progress in many countries, challenges remain. For instance, women are under-represented in education, labour force participation, leadership positions at all levels and often paid less for the same work.1 This reinforces the reality of women being treated as ‘second-class citizens’.2
In sports, substantial progress has been made in gender equality. For instance, while women were not allowed to compete in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, the proportion of female athletes at the Olympics gradually increased to reach an unprecedented 49% at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Over the last few decades, some sports and disciplines which were traditionally ‘men only’, such as football, marathon and pole vault, were opened to women. In tennis, the 1973 US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament that introduced equal prize money for women and men—the other three Grand Slam tournaments followed in the 2000s. Recently, several soccer federations introduced equal pay for their men’s and women’s national teams.
However, around the world, female athletes are still fighting for equality in various aspects of sport. Structural barriers are ubiquitous, such as sexist uniform mandates, rules that force …
Footnotes
Twitter @nanettemutrie, @DrMelodyDing
Contributors KG and DD conceptualised and wrote the editorial; all authors provided critical input during the writing and revision of the paper.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.