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A rather short response to the editorial: I initially saw the "
pullava" surrounding this on a TV website. I agree wholeheartedly with the
authors; the current situation is
un-sustainable Generations of the future will be obese, T2 diabetes will
be the norm and goodness knows what cancers will prevail.
Not only lack of exercise is child neglect but so too overfeeding your
child ( particularly with foods of low nutritional...
A rather short response to the editorial: I initially saw the "
pullava" surrounding this on a TV website. I agree wholeheartedly with the
authors; the current situation is
un-sustainable Generations of the future will be obese, T2 diabetes will
be the norm and goodness knows what cancers will prevail.
Not only lack of exercise is child neglect but so too overfeeding your
child ( particularly with foods of low nutritional value) and smoking in
their presence . People say " I love my kids"....really?
Oral health can have a negative impact on athletic performance but
this study [1] shows that Olympians did not ensure their teeth were kept
in good condition. Nearly half (46.5%) of the athletes reported not
attending a check-up or hygiene visit within 12 months of the Games and
8.7% reported never receiving such care.
The Commonwealth Games is one of the world's largest multi-sport
events and is also held ever...
Oral health can have a negative impact on athletic performance but
this study [1] shows that Olympians did not ensure their teeth were kept
in good condition. Nearly half (46.5%) of the athletes reported not
attending a check-up or hygiene visit within 12 months of the Games and
8.7% reported never receiving such care.
The Commonwealth Games is one of the world's largest multi-sport
events and is also held every four years. For the 2002 Commonwealth Games
in Manchester, UK, a mobile dental unit was available to provide emergency
dental treatment for all athletes and VIPs. A dental health survey was
carried out among the patients attending the dental clinic. A total of 168
team members, families and officials from 40 nations visited the dental
clinic. Over 30% of them did not have their own dentists. Nearly 70% of
them did not visit their dentists regularly. The majority of the patients
(62%) were not interested in any oral health advice. Some 6% of athletes
experienced their first dental treatment during the Commonwealth Games.
[2]
Although the athletes may be superstars in their various sports, they
may come from countries or situations in which preventive oral care is not
available. Many athletes may also have diets that are geared towards
optimal performance, but some diets high in calories are not good for
their teeth. Rowers, for instance, may consume 6000 calories a day. [3] To
take in that amount of calories they are drinking a lot of sugary drinks
and a lot of those drinks are erosive as well. This coupled with the lack
of time given to dental care due to pressures of training may have caused
poor oral health.
REFERENCES
1. Needleman I, Ashley P, Petrie A, et al. Oral health and impact on
performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a
cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:1054-8.
2. Yeung CA, Feng JK. Dental services at the Commonwealth Games 2002
in Manchester [abstract]. J Dent Res 2004;83(Spec Iss A):abstract 709.
http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2004Hawaii/techprogram/abstract_40635.htm
3. NHS Choices. An Olympic athlete's diet.
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/olympics/Pages/Athletediet.aspx
I would like to congratulate Dr. Nikos Malliaropoulos for the
initiative to organize a Judo and Martial Arts issue in this prestigious
journal1, a topic with increased number of publications in the last
decades.2 However, despite the broad range of topics suggested in the
initial call for papers1, only four papers (including the editorial) about
judo/martial arts were published, which can be an indicative that the high
-l...
I would like to congratulate Dr. Nikos Malliaropoulos for the
initiative to organize a Judo and Martial Arts issue in this prestigious
journal1, a topic with increased number of publications in the last
decades.2 However, despite the broad range of topics suggested in the
initial call for papers1, only four papers (including the editorial) about
judo/martial arts were published, which can be an indicative that the high
-level quality required by the British Journal of Sporst Medicine is still
to be achieved by researchers working on this topic, although no
information was provided in the editorial concerning the number of papers
submitted and the proportion of articles approved.
Other aspects in this editorial also deserve attention: (a) despite the
fact that the Kodokan Judo Institute 3 and the International Judo
Federation4 present the date of judo creation as 1882, the authors
presented 1888 as the year judo was invented, but no reference was given
for this fact; (b) the affirmation that "very little has changed since
judo was invented.."(p.1137)5 is greatly different from what researchers
in judo history6 and sport sociology7 have presented, especially about
what has been called judo Westernization or reflexive judo institutional
modernization7,8 and women participation, mainly in Japan9; (c) it is well
known that Dr. Jigoro Kano (the founder of judo) proposed this modality to
achieve different groups and to contribute to physical, moral and
intelectual development6 and that there is a tendency to believe that
martial arts can contribute to children development especifically 10, but
the use of the International Judo Federation4 as reference to describe the
benefits of judo lacks scientific background. Prudent skepticism was
recommended11 and a lack of evidence was presented12 concerning the real
effects of martial arts programs on children development. Furthermore,
many recent cases of catastrophic head and neck injuries13, and of female
Japanese athletes being physically punished by their coaches, among other
problems, have been reported recently in judo.14 Thus, a more balanced and
critical view would be preferred in this editorial; (d) although a
traditional judo especialization course has been promoted by the
International Budo University (Japan) for many years15, and a
specialization for judo coaches has been offered by Leipzig University
since 199116, the authors of the editorial opted to describe only a course
in which one of them is the coordinator and another is a former student,
while no competing interests were reported; (e) finally, there is no such
institution called "International Judo Federation Union" as presented in
the end of the editorial.
I hope this letter helps to improve the information provided by the
authors and contribute to discussions concerning judo and martial arts
research for mutual welfare and benefits as proposed by the founder of
judo, Dr. Jigoro Kano.
Emerson Franchini
Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical
Education and Sport, University of S?o Paulo, Brazil
The author of this letter declare no competing interests.
References
1. Khan, K. Call for papers - the ECOSEP BJSM judo and martial arts issue
2013. http://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2013/04/02/call-for-papers-the-ecosep-bjsm
-judo-and-martial-arts-issue-2013/ (accessed 19 Nov 2013)
2. Peset F, Ferrer-Sapena A, Villam?n M et al. Scientific literature
analysis of judo in Web of Science ?. Arch Budo 2013;9:81-91.
3. History of Kodokan Judo. Kodokan Judo Institute.
http://www.kodokan.org/e_basic/history.html (accessed 19 Nov 2013)
4. What is judo? International Judo Federation.
http://www.worldjudoday.com/en/WhatisJudo-57.html (accessed 20 Nov 2013)
5. Malliaropoulos, N, Callan M, Puim B. Judo, the gentle way. Br J Sports
Med 2013;47:1137.
6. Carr KG. Making way: war, philosophy and sport in Japanese judo. J
Sport Hist 1993;20:167-88.
7. Villam?n M, Brown D, Espartero J, Guti?rrez C. Reflexive modernization
and the disembedding of judo from 1946 to the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Int
Review Sociol Sport 2004;39:139-56.
8. Saeki T. Organizational reformation of the All Japan Judo Federation
organization: a sociological study of issues surrounding the conflict
between tradition and modernization in a sport. Int Review Sociol Sport
1994;29:301-15.
9. Miarka B, Marques JB, Franchini E. Reinterpreting the history of
women's judo in Japan. Int J Hist Sport 2011;28:1016-29.
10. Diamond A, Lee K. Interventions shown to aid executive function
development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science 2011;333:959-64.
11. Strayhorn JM, Strayhorn JC. Martial arts research: prudente
skepticism. Science 2011;334:310.
12. Mercer J. Martial arts research: weak evidence. 2011;334:310-1.
13. Kamitani T, Nimura Y, Nagahiro S, et al. Catastrophic head and neck
injuries in
judo players in Japan from 2003 to 2010. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:1915-21.
14. Judo coach's physical assault off emale athletes is a warning to
entire Japanese sporting world. http://www.japan-
press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=5054 (accessed 20 Nov 2013).
15. International Budo University Special Course - Budo Specialization
Program. http://www.budo-u.ac.jp/english/pdf/Information.pdf (accessed 20
Nov 2013).
16. International Coaching Course. http://www.uni-
leipzig.de/~itk/itk/html/general_information.html. (accessed 20 Nov 2013).
There is a growing body of research highlighting that "sports-related
repetitive TBI has a cumulative effect on the development of pituitary
dysfunction." [1]
The Consensus Statement of 2008 did not allude to post-traumatic
hypopituitarism (PTHP), but it is an important and treatable complication
of concussion which every GP and A&E department should be alert for, for
the following reasons:
There is a growing body of research highlighting that "sports-related
repetitive TBI has a cumulative effect on the development of pituitary
dysfunction." [1]
The Consensus Statement of 2008 did not allude to post-traumatic
hypopituitarism (PTHP), but it is an important and treatable complication
of concussion which every GP and A&E department should be alert for, for
the following reasons:
- PTHP, particularly growth hormone deficiency, can cause depression
[2]as well as impotence, infertility, obesity and chronic fatigue.
- PTHP could be a contributory factor to the tripled/quadrupled
suicide risk after all traumatic brain injury including concussion [3].
- So many people are potentially affected. Sports concussions are a
commonplace event, and some studies put the incidence of PTHP after mild
traumatic brain injury as high as 16.8% [4] Sports concussions also affect
a section of the population i.e. young men under 35, who are already
listed as a high risk group for suicide in the national suicide prevention
strategy document [5].
Being alert for PTHP especially among teenage boys and young men (and
girls too) might do much to reduce the suicide rate.
[1] Dubourg J et al, Sports-related Chronic Repetitive Head Trauma as
a Cause of Pituitary Dysfunction, Neurosurg Focus. 2011;31(5):e2
[2] Zenker S et al, Growth hormone deficiency in pituitary disease:
relationship to depression, apathy and somatic complaints. European
Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 147(2):165-71.
http://bit.ly/1aU0cXb
[3] Teasdale TW, Engberg AW, Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a
population study, J Neurol Neurosurg, Psychiatry 2001)
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/436.full
[4] Schneider HJ et al, Hypothalamopituitary Dysfunction Following
Traumatic Brain Injury and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A
Systematic Review, 2007, JAMA
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=208915
[5]Preventing Suicide in England 2012, http://bit.ly/1bPblHc
First let me say I fully support the need to wear helmets for
snowsports however the authors appear not to understand the ski rental market
where a helmet would be expected to last several months in the hands of
people with no interest in looking after it or that ski helmets are
designed to part destruct on impact, be that in a crash or being dropped
and kicked around the boot room.
Rental outlets will tend to carry onl...
First let me say I fully support the need to wear helmets for
snowsports however the authors appear not to understand the ski rental market
where a helmet would be expected to last several months in the hands of
people with no interest in looking after it or that ski helmets are
designed to part destruct on impact, be that in a crash or being dropped
and kicked around the boot room.
Rental outlets will tend to carry only one model or a very limited range
of helmets so chances of finding a comfortable and secure fit will be
minimal, an uncomfortable helmet, free or not will not be worn.
A helmet that has suffered a strong impact may not offer any protection
and with rental helmets there is no way of knowing if the helmet is sound.
Impact absorbing damage will not necessarily be apparent from a visual
inspection.
Unless each rental included a brand new helmet the proposed approach is
worse than useless, it would serve as an active discouragement to buy and
properly look after a properly fitting helmet.
It is my hypothesis that mammalian evolution occurred because of
selection for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). ("Hormones in Mammalian
Evolution," Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum 2001; 94: 177-184).
Subsequently, I deduced that human evolution is a consequence of selection
for testosterone within mammals which produced primates; further selection
produced humans. ("Androgens in Human Evolution. A New Explanation of
Hu...
It is my hypothesis that mammalian evolution occurred because of
selection for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). ("Hormones in Mammalian
Evolution," Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum 2001; 94: 177-184).
Subsequently, I deduced that human evolution is a consequence of selection
for testosterone within mammals which produced primates; further selection
produced humans. ("Androgens in Human Evolution. A New Explanation of
Human Evolution," Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum 2001; 94: 345-362)
I suggest the benefit of this increase in testosterone, which
stimulates androgen receptors through which DHEA enters cells, is
increased gene activity. Testosterone increases DHEA, which increases
gene function which increases differences in gene activity. For example,
our brain activity increases at the expense of our bodies. We have much
bigger brains and less robust bodies in the hominid line.
By increasing androgen receptors, the life span production of DHEA is
affected. That is, testosterone increases use of DHEA and how long it is
readily available. This may explain why men exhibit increases in
testosterone-target tissues and, also, why men die sooner.
I suggest anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS)act in the same manner as
testosterone. That is, AAS stimulate increases in androgen receptors
which act to increase use of DHEA within various tissues. AAS will
increase the onset of the natural decline of DHEA.
DHEA naturally begins to decline around the ages of twenty to twenty-
five, reaching very low levels in old age. Numerous brain malfunctions
begin to occur and increase in intensity with aging. It is my hypothesis
that many mental illnesses are caused by low, or disrupted, availability
of DHEA. Therefore, early loss of DHEA caused by AAS would increase the
probability of mental illness in AAS users.
Chau and colleagues(1) add further insights to the discussion about
sitting time and health risks. As they discuss, a possible explanation for
the weaker associations with occupational sitting demonstrated in their
study may be the relatively short follow-up time compared to other
studies. Indeed, epidemiological associations between occupational
physical activity and heart disease go as far back as the 1950s, when it
wa...
Chau and colleagues(1) add further insights to the discussion about
sitting time and health risks. As they discuss, a possible explanation for
the weaker associations with occupational sitting demonstrated in their
study may be the relatively short follow-up time compared to other
studies. Indeed, epidemiological associations between occupational
physical activity and heart disease go as far back as the 1950s, when it
was noted that coronary artery disease was more common in bus drivers than
bus conductors and in office workers than postmen (2). A recent systematic
review found that although some associations have been demonstrated
between occupational sitting and diseases as diverse as diabetes and
cancer, the heterogeneity of studies meant a causal relationship was
difficult to establish (3).
Clearly, the last half a century has seen a drastic increase in the
number of office-based jobs across the world. In light of the suggestions
that prolonged sitting may be particularly harmful, perhaps it is time for
policy makers to create innovative solutions to tackle this. The evidence
base examining the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sitting in the
workplace remains limited (4). Conducting meetings whilst standing, hourly
group office exercises and planned lunch-break walking may all have a
role. Given the public health importance of sitting, it may be time to get
creative in the workplace to get people out of their seats.
The study also reaffirms the role of active health promotion for 21st
century clinicians. Sadly, time constraints on busy clinicians in modern
healthcare settings mean that there may be limited opportunity to offer
this advice. As we increasingly appreciate the potential benefits of
adopting primary prevention strategies, the enduring challenge is to
engage and empower trainee doctors to bring health promotion to the
consultation room and remind them that they can make significant impact as
'preventers' as well as 'curers'.
1. Chau JY, Grunseit A, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Holmen TL, Bauman AE
et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of mortality from all-causes and
cardiometabolic diseases in adults: evidence from the HUNT3 population
cohort. Br J Sports Med. 2013 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Morris JN, Crawford MD. Coronary Heart Disease and Physical Activity of
Work. BMJ. 1958; 2(5111): 1485-1496.
3. van Uffelen JG, Wong J, Chau JY, van der Ploeg HP, Riphagen I, Gilson
ND et al. Occupational sitting and health risks: a systematic review. Am J
Prev Med. 2010; 39(4):379-88.
4. Chau JY, der Ploeg HP, van Uffelen JG, Wong J, Riphagen I, Healy GN et
al. Are workplace interventions to reduce sitting effective? A systematic
review. Prev Med. 2010; 51(5):352-6.
The frequency of sickle cell trait was 7.5%, sickle cell disease
0.46% in Oman(1).In my experience of sickle cell disease in Oman there
were frequent vaso-occlusive crisis requiring hospitalization ,few cases
of frequent blood transfusion requirement acute chest syndrome avascular
necrosis of bone and rarely cerebro-vascular events associated with sickle
cell disease. Severe infections needing hospitalisation were also s...
The frequency of sickle cell trait was 7.5%, sickle cell disease
0.46% in Oman(1).In my experience of sickle cell disease in Oman there
were frequent vaso-occlusive crisis requiring hospitalization ,few cases
of frequent blood transfusion requirement acute chest syndrome avascular
necrosis of bone and rarely cerebro-vascular events associated with sickle
cell disease. Severe infections needing hospitalisation were also seen
frequently.Other common events were splenic sequestration patients,
dactylitis non-bacterial infections like malaria hepatitis B. The chronic
complications included sickle hepatopathy and sickle nephropathy Leg
ulcer and priapism were seen. As patients were referreed to the higher
centres no deaths were in our study group in the period of 10 months.
The prevalence of the sickle gene in India is found to vary from 2-34% .
It has often been stated that sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Indians being
linked to the Arab-Indian haplotype has a mild clinical presentation which
goes unnoticed, sometimes throughout life.
References
1 Gihan Adly Rajappa A Haemoglobinopathies encountered at Khoula Hospital,
Oman: A retrospective study
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2008 Mar; 8(1)59-62
I was very interested to read the article on suicide, sport and
medicine and agree that more attention should be paid to the psychological
wellfare of athletes.
I am a doctor, albeit not a psychiatrist, and have also been part of the
British triathlon team since 2005. On several occasions I have been
acutely aware of depression in an athlete which has gone apparently
undetected. In one particular case a female athlete wa...
I was very interested to read the article on suicide, sport and
medicine and agree that more attention should be paid to the psychological
wellfare of athletes.
I am a doctor, albeit not a psychiatrist, and have also been part of the
British triathlon team since 2005. On several occasions I have been
acutely aware of depression in an athlete which has gone apparently
undetected. In one particular case a female athlete was deliberately self
-harming in response to her perceived poor performance in training. She
had inflicted substantial lacerations to her forearms which were obviously
visible when swimming. I felt a duty of care to report this to her coaches
and challenged them on whether or not they had noticed the wounds. The
response from the first coach was they had not noticed and from the other
coach was that they had noticed but felt inadequately qualified to address
the issue.
This is just one example of where education is needed to identify warning
signs and hopefully prevent catastrophic consequences. It is not only the
sports physician but the whole support team who need to be aware of what
signs and symptoms of mental health issues to be aware of.
After I read your abstract, I don't understand how you can write than hip pads can reduce distal radial fracture and glenohumeral dislocation ?
I can understand there is a statiscal relationship, but for me it's an error to say that hip pads affect upper limb injuries.
Please, can you explain to me how you found these results and this conclusion mainly.
After I read your abstract, I don't understand how you can write than hip pads can reduce distal radial fracture and glenohumeral dislocation ?
I can understand there is a statiscal relationship, but for me it's an error to say that hip pads affect upper limb injuries.
Please, can you explain to me how you found these results and this conclusion mainly.
A rather short response to the editorial: I initially saw the " pullava" surrounding this on a TV website. I agree wholeheartedly with the authors; the current situation is un-sustainable Generations of the future will be obese, T2 diabetes will be the norm and goodness knows what cancers will prevail. Not only lack of exercise is child neglect but so too overfeeding your child ( particularly with foods of low nutritional...
Oral health can have a negative impact on athletic performance but this study [1] shows that Olympians did not ensure their teeth were kept in good condition. Nearly half (46.5%) of the athletes reported not attending a check-up or hygiene visit within 12 months of the Games and 8.7% reported never receiving such care.
The Commonwealth Games is one of the world's largest multi-sport events and is also held ever...
I would like to congratulate Dr. Nikos Malliaropoulos for the initiative to organize a Judo and Martial Arts issue in this prestigious journal1, a topic with increased number of publications in the last decades.2 However, despite the broad range of topics suggested in the initial call for papers1, only four papers (including the editorial) about judo/martial arts were published, which can be an indicative that the high -l...
There is a growing body of research highlighting that "sports-related repetitive TBI has a cumulative effect on the development of pituitary dysfunction." [1]
The Consensus Statement of 2008 did not allude to post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP), but it is an important and treatable complication of concussion which every GP and A&E department should be alert for, for the following reasons:
- PTHP,...
First let me say I fully support the need to wear helmets for snowsports however the authors appear not to understand the ski rental market where a helmet would be expected to last several months in the hands of people with no interest in looking after it or that ski helmets are designed to part destruct on impact, be that in a crash or being dropped and kicked around the boot room. Rental outlets will tend to carry onl...
It is my hypothesis that mammalian evolution occurred because of selection for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). ("Hormones in Mammalian Evolution," Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum 2001; 94: 177-184). Subsequently, I deduced that human evolution is a consequence of selection for testosterone within mammals which produced primates; further selection produced humans. ("Androgens in Human Evolution. A New Explanation of Hu...
Chau and colleagues(1) add further insights to the discussion about sitting time and health risks. As they discuss, a possible explanation for the weaker associations with occupational sitting demonstrated in their study may be the relatively short follow-up time compared to other studies. Indeed, epidemiological associations between occupational physical activity and heart disease go as far back as the 1950s, when it wa...
The frequency of sickle cell trait was 7.5%, sickle cell disease 0.46% in Oman(1).In my experience of sickle cell disease in Oman there were frequent vaso-occlusive crisis requiring hospitalization ,few cases of frequent blood transfusion requirement acute chest syndrome avascular necrosis of bone and rarely cerebro-vascular events associated with sickle cell disease. Severe infections needing hospitalisation were also s...
I was very interested to read the article on suicide, sport and medicine and agree that more attention should be paid to the psychological wellfare of athletes. I am a doctor, albeit not a psychiatrist, and have also been part of the British triathlon team since 2005. On several occasions I have been acutely aware of depression in an athlete which has gone apparently undetected. In one particular case a female athlete wa...
Dear authors,
After I read your abstract, I don't understand how you can write than hip pads can reduce distal radial fracture and glenohumeral dislocation ? I can understand there is a statiscal relationship, but for me it's an error to say that hip pads affect upper limb injuries. Please, can you explain to me how you found these results and this conclusion mainly.
Thank you,
Louis Douls.
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