PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Annika Prien
AU  - Margo Mountjoy
AU  - Jim Miller
AU  - Kevin Boyd
AU  - Cees van den Hoogenband
AU  - David Gerrard
AU  - Mohamed Yahia Cherif
AU  - Yifan Lu
AU  - Kyriakos Nanousis
AU  - Edgar Ivan Ortiz Liscano
AU  - Farhad Moradi Shahpar
AU  - Astrid Junge
TI  - Injury and illness in aquatic sport: how high is the risk? A comparison of results from three FINA World Championships
AID  - 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096075
DP  - 2017 Feb 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 277--282
VI  - 51
IP  - 4
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/4/277.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/4/277.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med2017 Feb 01; 51
AB  - Background Epidemiological information on injury/illness is required to develop effective injury prevention strategies.Aim To assess the frequency and characteristics of injuries/illnesses (1) in the 4 weeks prior to and (2) during the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Championships 2015 compared with 2013 and 2009.Method (1) Athletes answered a retrospective questionnaire, and (2) the medical staff reported injuries/illnesses prospectively during the championships.Results (1) A quarter of responding athletes reported symptoms in the 4 weeks prior to the championships. More than half of all affected athletes presented with substantial severity, 80% took medication, 70% had overuse injuries and 30% did not modify their training regime despite symptoms. At the start of the championships, 70% of affected participants were still symptomatic. (2) During the championships, injury and illness incidence was 12.9 per 100 athletes. The most common injuries were shoulder sprains (5.7%) and muscle cramps of the lower back (5.7%). The most common illnesses were infections of the respiratory (33.9%) and gastrointestinal tract (23.5%). Risk factors included discipline and age, but not gender. Incidence was highest in athletes competing in high diving (HD), water polo (WP) and diving (DIV) for injuries, and WP and swimming (SW) for illnesses. The significantly higher incidence of injuries and illnesses at the FINA World Championships 2015 compared with 2013 and 2009 was most probably due to a similarly improved response rate of the medical staff.Conclusions In aquatic sports, surveillance and health promotion should focus on prevention of out-of-competition overuse injuries and athlete education.